### Silly Setup for Doctest

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/lib-python/3/test/test_doctest/test_doctest2.txt

Demonstrates a simple setup for doctests using a specific module and attribute. Ensure the module and attribute are accessible.

```python
>>> import test.test_doctest.test_doctest
>>> test.test_doctest.test_doctest.sillySetup
True
```

--------------------------------

### Install LZMASUPPORT Target

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/python-liblzma/CMakeLists.txt

Installs the LZMASUPPORT target to the 'bin' directory within the installation prefix. This makes the compiled LZMASUPPORT executable available after installation.

```cmake
install(TARGETS ${TARGET_LZMASUPPORT} DESTINATION bin)
```

--------------------------------

### Setting Installation Prefix

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.cext/CMakeLists.txt

Configures the installation directory for the build artifacts to be within the project's binary directory.

```cmake
set(CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
```

--------------------------------

### Test HPy Environment Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/CONTRIBUTING.md

Run this command to build HPy and a proof-of-concept extension, then validate the setup with pytest. This is a good initial test for your environment.

```bash
proof-of-concept/test_pof.sh wheel universal
```

--------------------------------

### Pyflate Benchmark Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.benchmarks/python/micro/pyperformance/README.md

Sets up the Pyflate benchmark, defining run, warmup, iterations, summary, and dependencies.

```python
def run():
    bench_pyflake(1, filename)

def warmupIterations():
    return 0

def iterations():
    return 10

def summary():
    return {
        "name": "OutlierRemovalAverageSummary",
        "lower-threshold": 0.0,
        "upper-threshold": 1.0,
    }

def dependencies():
    return ["data/interpreter.tar.bz2"]
```

--------------------------------

### Install GraalPython Target

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.cext/CMakeLists.txt

Installs the built GraalPython library target to the 'bin' directory.

```cmake
install(TARGETS ${TARGET_LIBPYTHON} DESTINATION bin)
```

--------------------------------

### Build Linux/amd64 Wheels with Act

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/scripts/wheelbuilder/README.md

Use the 'act' tool to build wheels for Linux/amd64. This command clones the repository, sets GraalPy version and Python version, installs 'act', configures input for the build, starts a Podman service, sets the Docker host, and then runs the build workflow.

```shell
git clone https://github.com/oracle/graalpython
cd graalpython
VERSION=25.1.0
PYTHON_VERSION=3.12
BINDIR=. curl --proto '=https' --tlsv1.2 -sSf https://raw.githubusercontent.com/nektos/act/master/install.sh | bash
echo "graalpy_url=https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/releases/download/graal-$VERSION/graalpy$PYTHON_VERSION-$VERSION-linux-amd64.tar.gz" > .input
podman system service -t 0 unix:///tmp/podman.sock &
export DOCKER_HOST=unix:///tmp/podman.sock
./act --env http_proxy=$http_proxy --env https_proxy=$https_proxy -W .github/workflows/build-linux-amd64-wheels.yml --artifact-server-path=$(pwd)/artifacts
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python Packages with Pip

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Standalone-Getting-Started.md

Once a virtual environment is active, use pip to install packages. Supports individual packages or installation from a requirements file.

```bash
# Install a package
pip install requests

# Install with requirements file
pip install -r requirements.txt
```

--------------------------------

### GUI Test Class Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/lib-python/3/idlelib/idle_test/README.txt

Implement setUpClass in a test class to acquire GUI resources. Ensure these resources are cleaned up in tearDownClass.

```python
@classmethod
def setUpClass(cls):
    requires('gui')
    cls.root = tk.Tk()
    cls.text = tk.Text(root)
```

--------------------------------

### HPy Extension Setup Script

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/quickstart.rst

The setup.py script used to build the HPy extension. It specifies the HPy ABI.

```python
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name='quickstart',
    ext_modules=[
        {
            'name': 'quickstart',
            'sources': ['quickstart.c'],
            'language': 'c',
        },
    ],
    include_package_data=True,
    setup_requires=['hpy'],
)

```

--------------------------------

### Install GraalPy with pyenv

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/site/01-python-developers.md

Use pyenv to install the latest GraalPy release or development build. Set the shell to use the installed version.

```bash
pyenv install graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}
pyenv shell graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}
```

```bash
# On Windows (pyenv-win), provide platform-specific names
pyenv install graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}-windows-amd64
pyenv shell graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}-windows-amd64
```

```bash
# Latest development build of GraalPy
pyenv install graalpy-dev
pyenv shell graalpy-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Run Python Applications with GraalPy

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/site/index.md

This snippet shows how to install GraalPy using pyenv, set it as the current shell, and run Python code. It also includes a performance benchmark.

```bash
$ pyenv install graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}
$ pyenv shell graalpy-{{ site.language_version }}

$ python3 -c "import sys; print(sys.implementation.name)"
graalpy
$ python3 -m timeit "'-'.join(str(n) for n in range(100))"
500000 loops, best of 5: 757 nsec per loop
```

--------------------------------

### Install HPy from Development Repository

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/quickstart.rst

Install HPy directly from its development repository using pip.

```console
python3 -m pip install git+https://github.com/hpyproject/hpy.git#egg=hpy
```

--------------------------------

### Install native build tools (Debian-based)

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/contributor/CONTRIBUTING.md

Install essential native build tools and libraries required for building GraalPy on Debian-based systems.

```shell
sudo apt install build-essential libc++-12-dev zlib1g-dev cmake
```

--------------------------------

### Create venv and Install HPy in Editable Mode

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/README-gdb.md

Steps to create a virtual environment using a debug CPython build and install HPy in editable mode for development.

```bash
cd /path/to/hpy
/opt/python-debug/bin/python3 -m venv venv/hpy-debug
. venv/hpy-debug/bin/activate
python setup.py develop
```

--------------------------------

### Install GraalPy with pyenv on Windows

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/README.md

Install the GraalPy Windows distribution using pyenv. This command specifies the version and platform.

```bash
pyenv install graalpy-25.0.2-windows-amd64
```

--------------------------------

### CPU Tracer Output Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Tooling.md

Example output from the CPU tracer, showing a histogram of element executions, including total, interpreted, and compiled counts.

```bash
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tracing Histogram. Counted a total of 1135 element executions.
  Total Count: Number of times the element was executed and percentage of total executions.
  Interpreted Count: Number of times the element was interpreted and percentage of total executions of this element.
  Compiled Count: Number of times the compiled element was executed and percentage of total executions of this element.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Name                                |          Total Count |    Interpreted Count |       Compiled Count | Location
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 get_newfunc_typeid                  |           110   9.7% |           110 100.0% |             0   0.0% | capi.c~596:0
 PyTruffle_PopulateType              |           110   9.7% |           110 100.0% |             0   0.0% | capi.c~721:0
 PyTruffle_AllocMemory               |            86   7.6% |            86 100.0% |             0   0.0% | obmalloc.c~77:0
 PyTruffle_AllocateType              |            66   5.8% |            66 100.0% |             0   0.0% | capi.c~874:0
 PyMem_RawMalloc                     |            66   5.8% |            66 100.0% |             0   0.0% | obmalloc.c~170:0
 initialize_type_structure           |            50   4.4% |            50 100.0% |             0   0.0% | capi.c~181:0
 _Py_TYPE                            |            45   4.0% |            45 100.0% |             0   0.0% | object_shared.c~55:0
 PyType_GetFlags                     |            41   3.6% |            41 100.0% |             0   0.0% | typeobject_shared.c~44:0
 get_tp_name                         |            37   3.3% |            37 100.0% |             0   0.0% | capi.c~507:0
 ...    
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

```

--------------------------------

### Memory Tracer Output Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Tooling.md

Example output from the Memory tracer, showing a location histogram with allocation counts, including self and total counts.

```bash
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Location Histogram with Allocation Counts. Recorded a total of 565 allocations.
   Total Count: Number of allocations during the execution of this element.
   Self Count: Number of allocations in this element alone (excluding sub calls).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Name                         |      Self Count |     Total Count | Location
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 PyTruffle_PopulateType       |      440  77.9% |      440  77.9% | capi.c~721:0
 PyType_Ready                 |       61  10.8% |       68  12.0% | typeobject.c~463:0
 _PyObject_MakeTpCall         |       20   3.5% |       24   4.2% | object.c~155:0
 PyUnicode_FromString         |       11   1.9% |       11   1.9% | capi.c~2161:0
 PyErr_NewException           |       11   1.9% |       11   1.9% | capi.c~1537:0
 _PyUnicode_AsASCIIString     |        6   1.1% |        6   1.1% | capi.c~2281:0
 PyDict_New                   |        4   0.7% |        4   0.7% | capi.c~1505:0
 PyTuple_New                  |        4   0.7% |        4   0.7% | capi.c~2097:0
 PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize  |        3   0.5% |        3   0.5% | unicodeobject.c~171:0
 ...
----------------------------------------------------------------------------

```

--------------------------------

### Install Test Requirements and Dump Sources

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/api.rst

Install necessary test requirements and dump the generated test sources from the HPy repository.

```console
> cd hpy
> python3 -m pip install pytest filelock
> python3 -m pytest --dump-dir=test_sources test/
```

--------------------------------

### GraalPy Maven Plugin Configuration Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Embedding-Build-Tools.md

Configure the GraalPy Maven Plugin in your pom.xml. This example shows how to specify Python packages and choose a deployment approach (Virtual Filesystem or External Directory).

```xml
<plugin>
    <groupId>org.graalvm.python</groupId>
    <artifactId>graalpy-maven-plugin</artifactId>
    <configuration>
        <!-- Python packages (pip-style syntax) -->
        <packages>
            <package>termcolor==2.2</package>
        </packages>

        <!-- Choose ONE deployment approach: -->
        <!-- Virtual Filesystem (embedded) -->
        <resourceDirectory>GRAALPY-VFS/${project.groupId}/${project.artifactId}</resourceDirectory>

        <!-- OR External Directory (separate files) -->
        <externalDirectory>${basedir}/python-resources</externalDirectory>
    </configuration>
</plugin>
```

--------------------------------

### Create a List using CPython API

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/porting-guide.rst

Example of creating a list with a fixed size using the CPython PyList_New and PyList_SET_ITEM functions.

```c
PyObject *list = PyList_New(5);
    if (list == NULL)
        return NULL; /* error */
    PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 0, item0);
    PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 1, item0);
    ...
    PyList_SET_ITEM(list, 4, item0);
    /* now 'list' is ready to use */
```

--------------------------------

### Run a Specific Benchmark

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/contributor/CONTRIBUTING.md

Execute a single benchmark, for example, 'nbody3' from the 'meso' suite.

```bash
mx benchmark meso:nbody3
```

--------------------------------

### Build HPy extension with setup.py

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/api.rst

Example setup.py script for building an HPy extension module. Demonstrates building for CPython ABI and HPy Universal ABI using the --hpy-abi=universal option.

```python
from setuptools import setup, Extension

module = Extension("simple", sources=["simple.c"])

setup(
    name="simple",
    ext_modules=[
        module,
    ],
)
```

--------------------------------

### Using py-dump for PyObject* Inspection

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/README-gdb.md

Example of using the custom 'py-dump' GDB command to get detailed information about a PyObject*.

```gdb
(gdb) set $x = PyLong_FromLong(42)
(gdb) py-dump $x
object address  : 0x555555903ca0
object refcount : 11
object type     : 0x5555558d5560
object type name: int
object repr     : 42

(gdb) py-dump PyExc_ValueError
object address  : 0x5555558ce880
object refcount : 14
object type     : 0x5555558dd8e0
object type name: type
object repr     : <class 'ValueError'>
```

--------------------------------

### Legacy Module Initialization (CPython API)

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/porting-guide.rst

Demonstrates the traditional single-phase module initialization pattern using the CPython API.

```c
// BEGIN
// This is a placeholder for the actual legacy CPython module initialization code.
// The original source uses .. literalinclude:: to point to a file.
// END
```

--------------------------------

### Installing JavaScript Language via GraalPy Script

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Interoperability.md

Execute this bash command from your GraalPy installation directory to install the JavaScript language.

```bash
libexec/graalpy-polyglot-get js
```

--------------------------------

### Build HPy Extension

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/quickstart.rst

Build the HPy extension using the setup.py script with the universal HPy ABI.

```console
python3 setup.py --hpy-abi=universal develop
```

--------------------------------

### Go Benchmark Configuration

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.benchmarks/python/micro/pyperformance/README.md

Sets up the Go benchmark for execution, defining the `run` function and parameters for warmup, iterations, and summary. It includes conditional warmup adjustments for PyPy's JIT.

```python
def run():
    versus_cpu()

def warmupIterations():
    return 0

def iterations():
    return 10

def summary():
    return {
        "name": "OutlierRemovalAverageSummary",
        "lower-threshold": 0.0,
        "upper-threshold": 1.0,
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Install HPy

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/microbench/README.md

Installs HPy in development mode within your virtual environment.

```bash
cd /path/to/hpy
python setup.py develop
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize IDE Settings

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/contributor/GETTING_STARTED.md

Optional command to initialize IDE-specific settings after setting up your environment.

```bash
mx ideinit
```

--------------------------------

### Install HPy using pip

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/quickstart.rst

Install the latest stable release of HPy using pip.

```console
python3 -m pip install hpy
```

--------------------------------

### Regex DNA Benchmark Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.benchmarks/python/micro/pyperformance/README.md

Initializes the regex DNA benchmark, setting up argument parsing and defining the run, warmup, iterations, and summary functions.

```python
def run():
    cmd = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="python")
    args = cmd.parse_args()
    bench_regex_dna(1, seq, expected_res)

def warmupIterations():
    return 0

def iterations():
    return 10

def summary():
    return {
        "name": "OutlierRemovalAverageSummary",
        "lower-threshold": 0.0,
        "upper-threshold": 1.0,
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Install Coverage Package

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/lib-python/3/idlelib/idle_test/README.txt

Install the coverage package using pip, required for test coverage analysis.

```bash
python3 -m pip install coverage
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Java Application with Gradle

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Embedding-Getting-Started.md

Use this command to create a new Java application project structure managed by Gradle. It sets up the project name, package, and avoids splitting the project into multiple modules.

```bash
gradle init --type java-application \
            --project-name interop  \
            --package interop \
            --no-split-project
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Revisions for Benchmarking Standalones

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/AGENTS.md

Commands to set up the correct project revisions for building benchmarking standalones. This involves importing specific suites and checking out downstream projects.

```bash
mx --env native-ee sforceimports && mx --env native-ee checkout-downstream compiler graal-enterprise
```

--------------------------------

### Spectral Norm Benchmark Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.benchmarks/python/micro/pyperformance/README.md

Sets up the spectral_norm benchmark, defining run, warmup, and iteration counts, along with summary statistics. It imports the pyperf library.

```python
import pyperf

def run():
    bench_spectral_norm(1)

def warmupIterations():
    return 0

def iterations():
    return 10

def summary():
    return {
        "name": "OutlierRemovalAverageSummary",
        "lower-threshold": 0.0,
        "upper-threshold": 1.0,
    }
```

--------------------------------

### HPy Meth Keywords Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/leysin-2020-design-decisions.md

Example of defining a function with HPy_METH_KEYWORDS, showing how to silence potential warnings by casting to HPyMeth.

```C
{"add_ints_kw", (HPyMeth) add_ints_kw, HPy_METH_KEYWORDS, ""}
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize Compatibility Database

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/site/03-python-developers-compatibility.md

Sets up global constants and variables for the compatibility checking script, including default versions and display options.

```javascript
DB.ANY_VERSION = "any";
DB.INSTALLS_BUT_FAILS_TESTS = "The package installs, but the test suite was not set up for GraalPy.";
DB.FAILS_TO_INSTALL = "We have been unable to build, install, or run tests for this package.";
DB.UNSUPPORTED = "The package is unsupported.";
DB.PERCENT_PASSING = (pct) => `${pct}% of the tests are passing on GraalPy.`;
const PATCH_AVAILABLE = "GraalPy will automatically apply a patch when installing this package to improve compatibility.";
const LOWER_PRIORITY = "This version works, but there is no reason to prefer it over more recent versions.";
const BUILD_SCRIPT_AVAILABLE = (url) => `If you have trouble building this package, there is a <a href='${url}' target='_blank'>script</a>.`;

const default_version = 'v250';
const show_percentages = true;
const dbs = {};
var module_query = '';
```

--------------------------------

### Unpack Sequence Benchmark Setup

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/com.oracle.graal.python.benchmarks/python/micro/pyperformance/README.md

Sets up the unpack_sequence benchmark using argparse for command-line arguments. It defines the run function, warmup and iteration counts, and summary statistics.

```python
import argparse

def run():
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="python")
    parser.add_argument("benchmark", nargs="?",
    options = parser.parse_args()
    func(8192)

def warmupIterations():
    return 0

def iterations():
    return 10

def summary():
    return {
        "name": "OutlierRemovalAverageSummary",
        "lower-threshold": 0.0,
        "upper-threshold": 1.0,
    }
```

--------------------------------

### Install GraalPy with pyenv on Linux/macOS

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/README.md

Quickly install and set the GraalPy version for your current shell session on Linux or macOS using pyenv.

```bash
pyenv install graalpy-25.0.2 && pyenv shell graalpy-25.0.2
```

--------------------------------

### List Available Python Benchmark Suites

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/contributor/CONTRIBUTING.md

Use this command to see all available Python benchmark suites and VM configurations.

```bash
mx benchmark --list
```

--------------------------------

### Update Pyenv and Install GraalPy on Linux

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Standalone-Getting-Started.md

Use Pyenv to update to the latest GraalPy versions and install a specific version. This is the recommended method for Linux.

```bash
pyenv update

pyenv install graalpy-25.0.3

pyenv shell graalpy-25.0.3
```

--------------------------------

### Build Project

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/AGENTS.md

Command to build the GraalPython project.

```bash
mx python-jvm
```

--------------------------------

### Setting up Java Environment and Exposing Object to Python

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Interoperability.md

This snippet demonstrates how to create a Java object and make it available to a Python context within GraalPy.

```java
import org.example.MyJavaClass;
import org.graalvm.python.embedding.GraalPyResources;

class Main {

   public static void main(String[] args) {
      MyJavaClass myJavaObject = new MyJavaClass(42, 17);
      try (var context = GraalPyResources.createContext()) {
         // myJavaObject will be globally available in example.py as my_java_object
         context.getBindings("python").putMember("my_java_object", myJavaObject);
         context.eval(Source.newBuilder("python", "example.py"));
      }
   }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Multi-phase Module Initialization (HPy API)

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/porting-guide.rst

Shows the equivalent module initialization using HPy's multi-phase initialization, which is required for HPy modules.

```c
// BEGIN
// This is a placeholder for the actual HPy multi-phase module initialization code.
// The original source uses .. literalinclude:: to point to a file.
// END
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Use GraalPy with Pyenv on macOS

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Standalone-Getting-Started.md

Install GraalPy using Pyenv and set it as the active version for the current shell session. This is the recommended approach for macOS.

```bash
pyenv install graalpy-25.0.3

pyenv shell graalpy-25.0.3
```

--------------------------------

### Create GraalPy Context with Default VFS

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Embedding-Build-Tools.md

Creates a GraalPy context with the default Virtual Filesystem configuration. Use this for a quick setup where default VFS behavior is sufficient.

```java
Context context = GraalPyResources.createContext();
```

--------------------------------

### Install GraalPy with uv

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/site/01-python-developers.md

Install GraalPy using the uv package manager, which automatically selects the correct version. You can also create virtual environments with GraalPy.

```bash
# Install GraalPy with uv (uv selects GraalPy by Python language version)
uv python install graalpy-3.12

# Create a virtual environment with GraalPy
uv venv --python graalpy-3.12
```

--------------------------------

### C API Example for GraalPython

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/graalpython/hpy/docs/porting-example/steps/step_00_c_api.rst

This C code snippet shows how to initialize the GraalPython interpreter, create a Python string, and execute it. It requires the GraalPython C API headers.

```c
#include <Python.h>

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    Py_Initialize();

    PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pFunc, *pArgs, *pValue;

    pName = PyUnicode_FromString("hello");
    if (!pName) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create Python string\n");
        return 1;
    }

    /* Example of calling a function from a module */
    pModule = PyImport_Import(pName);
    if (!pModule) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load module\n");
        Py_DECREF(pName);
        return 1;
    }

    pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pModule, "hello");

    if (!pFunc || !PyCallable_Check(pFunc)) {
        if (PyErr_Occurred()) PyErr_Print();
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot find function \"hello\"\n");
        Py_XDECREF(pFunc);
        Py_DECREF(pModule);
        Py_DECREF(pName);
        return 1;
    }

    pArgs = PyTuple_New(1);
    pValue = PyLong_FromLong(10);
    if (!pValue) {
        Py_DECREF(pArgs);
        fprintf(stderr, "Cannot convert argument\n");
        return 1;
    }
    PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pValue); /* pValue stolen here */

    pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);
    Py_DECREF(pArgs);

    if (pValue != NULL) {
        printf("Result of call: %ld\n", PyLong_AsLong(pValue));
        Py_DECREF(pValue);
    } else {
        PyErr_Print();
        fprintf(stderr, "Call failed\n");
        return 1;
    }

    Py_DECREF(pFunc);
    Py_DECREF(pModule);
    Py_DECREF(pName);
    Py_Finalize();
    return 0;
}

```

--------------------------------

### GraalPy Coverage Output Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Tooling.md

This is an example of the output generated when the Coverage.py tool is enabled with GraalPy. It displays a histogram showing the percentage of code covered for various elements.

```bash
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Code coverage histogram.
  Shows what percent of each element was covered during execution
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 Path                                                                          |  Statements |    Lines |    Roots
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/_distutils_hack/__init__.py           |       0.00% |    0.00% |    0.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/__init__.py                       |      56.10% |   56.14% |   55.26%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/builder/__init__.py               |      79.12% |   78.84% |   50.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/builder/_html5lib.py              |       2.41% |    2.46% |    2.38%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/builder/_htmlparser.py            |      69.08% |   68.67% |   83.33%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/builder/_lxml.py                  |       3.72% |    3.78% |    4.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/css.py                            |      32.73% |   31.48% |   15.38%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/dammit.py                         |      65.46% |   65.29% |   24.14%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/element.py                        |      44.15% |   43.13% |   31.08%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/formatter.py                      |      73.49% |   74.36% |   66.67%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/certifi/__init__.py                   |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/certifi/core.py                       |      33.33% |   33.33% |   25.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/__init__.py        |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/api.py             |      11.87% |   11.94% |   16.67%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/assets/__init__.py |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/cd.py              |      12.81% |   13.54% |    4.35%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/constant.py        |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/legacy.py          |      25.00% |   25.00% |   50.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/md.py              |      22.05% |   20.37% |   17.24%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/models.py          |      38.46% |   38.50% |    9.30%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/utils.py           |      26.79% |   26.89% |    3.33%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/charset_normalizer/version.py         |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/idna/__init__.py                      |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/collections/abc.py                               |     100.00% |  100.00% |  100.00%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/contextlib.py                                    |      40.80% |   37.99% |   31.71%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/copy.py                                          |      36.36% |   36.41% |   21.43%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/copyreg.py                                       |       3.20% |    3.20% |    7.69%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/csv.py                                           |      25.17% |   23.91% |   25.00%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/datetime.py                                      |      30.32% |   30.01% |   14.74%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/email/__init__.py                                |      42.86% |   42.86% |   20.00%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/email/_encoded_words.py                          |      35.11% |   34.44% |   14.29%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/email/_parseaddr.py                              |      12.64% |   12.15% |   10.71%
 <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/email/_policybase.py                             |      55.22% |   54.69% |   39.29%

```

--------------------------------

### CPU Sampler Output Example

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Tooling.md

This is an example of the output generated by the CPU sampler. It details time spent in different functions, distinguishing between self time and total time on the stack.

```bash
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sampling Histogram. Recorded 564 samples with period 10ms. Missed 235 samples. 
  Self Time: Time spent on the top of the stack. 
  Total Time: Time spent somewhere on the stack. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thread[main,5,main]
 Name                                                                       ||             Total Time    ||              Self Time    || Location            
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 parse_starttag                                                             ||             1090ms  19.3% ||              570ms  10.1% || <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/html/parser.py~300-347:11658-13539
 match                                                                      ||              190ms   3.4% ||              190ms   3.4% || <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py~320-323:9862-10026
 _replace_cdata_list_attribute_values                                       ||              190ms   3.4% ||              190ms   3.4% || <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/bs4/builder/__init__.py~295-331:11245-13031
 goahead                                                                    ||             1430ms  25.4% ||              150ms   2.7% || <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/html/parser.py~133-250:4711-9678
 check_for_whole_start_tag                                                  ||              130ms   2.3% ||              130ms   2.3% || <install-dir>/lib/python3.10/html/parser.py~351-382:13647-14758
 <module>                                                                   ||              800ms  14.2% ||              130ms   2.3% || <venv-dir>/lib/python3.10/site-packages/soupsieve/css_parser.py~1-1296:0-47061
 ...
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

```

--------------------------------

### Create GraalPy Context Builder with Custom VFS

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/docs/user/Embedding-Build-Tools.md

Returns a context builder pre-configured with a custom Virtual Filesystem. Use this when you need to define a specific VFS setup.

```java
Context context = GraalPyResources.contextBuilder(customVfs).build();
```

--------------------------------

### Fetch JDK for Standalone Builds

Source: https://github.com/oracle/graalpython/blob/master/AGENTS.md

Command to fetch a specific JDK version required for building standalones. Ensure JAVA_HOME is set according to the output.

```bash
mx -p ../graal/vm fetch-jdk -jdk-id labsjdk-ce-latest
```