### Install New Userland - Ksh Glob Example

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade67.html

Uses a ksh loop to extract release tarballs, installing `base67.tgz` last. This method is an alternative to manual extraction for users familiar with ksh.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
for _f in [!b]*67.tgz base67.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install PHP Apache and SQLite Packages

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade64.html

Install the 'php-apache' package and separate SQLite extension packages if you use them. Examples shown for PHP 7.0.

```shell
pkg_add php-apache%7.0
pkg_add php-sqlite3%7.0
pkg_add php-pdo_sqlite%7.0
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Script)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade63.html

Installs OpenBSD release tarballs using a ksh loop. Installs base63.tgz last. Saves reboot(8) to oreboot.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
for _f in [!b]*63.tgz base63.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Tarballs)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade64.html

Installs new userland components by extracting tarballs. Installs base64.tgz last. Backs up reboot to /sbin/oreboot.

```bash
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xshare64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xserv64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp64.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base64.tgz    # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade63.html

Extracts and installs OpenBSD release tarballs manually. Installs base63.tgz last. Saves reboot(8) to oreboot.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xshare63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xserv63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp63.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base63.tgz    # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and Start the ftp-proxy Service

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/pf/ftp.html

This command enables the ftp-proxy service to start on boot and then starts the service immediately. Ensure the proxy is running for the diversion rules to function correctly.

```shell
# rcctl enable ftpproxy
# rcctl start ftpproxy
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Loop)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade64.html

Installs new userland components using a ksh loop to extract tarballs. Installs base64.tgz last. Backs up reboot to /sbin/oreboot.

```bash
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
for _f in [!b]*64.tgz base64.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Globbing)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade72.html

Installs new userland components using ksh globbing for tarballs. Ensure base72.tgz is installed last.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# for _f in [!b]*72.tgz base72.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Booting Install Kernel on amd64/i386

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade47.html

On amd64 and i386 architectures, boot the install kernel by typing 'boot bsd.rd' at the boot loader prompt.

```shell
boot bsd.rd
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Applications

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade47.html

Install new userland applications using tar. Note that base47.tgz is installed last due to its tar utility. Configuration files are handled separately.

```shell
tar -C / -xzphf xserv47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xshare47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf misc47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man47.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base47.tgz # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Applications

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade41.html

Installs new userland applications from various file sets. Avoid installing etc41.tgz and xetc41.tgz at this stage to prevent overwriting existing configurations.

```shell
export RELEASEPATH=_/usr/rel_
cd ${RELEASEPATH}
tar -C / -xzpf base41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf comp41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf game41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf man41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf misc41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf xbase41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf xfont41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf xserv41.tgz
tar -C / -xzpf xshare41.tgz
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Tarballs (Manual)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade62.html

Manually extracts and installs OpenBSD 6.2 release tarballs. Ensure /sbin/reboot is backed up before extraction. Install base62.tgz last.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xshare62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xserv62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp62.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base62.tgz    # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Tarballs (Manual)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade71.html

Manually extracts and installs release tarballs for the new userland. Install base71.tgz last.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# tar -C / -xzphf xshare71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xserv71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xfont71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xbase71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf man71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf game71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf comp71.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf base71.tgz    # Install last!
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Tarballs (Ksh Loop)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade62.html

Installs OpenBSD 6.2 release tarballs using a ksh loop for automation. Backs up reboot and installs base62.tgz last.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
for _f in [!b]*62.tgz base62.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Tar Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade75.html

Manually extracts release tarballs for userland components. Save a copy of reboot(8) before starting. Install base75.tgz last.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# tar -C / -xzphf xshare75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xserv75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xfont75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xbase75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf man75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf game75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf comp75.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf base75.tgz    # Install last!
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Tar Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade72.html

Installs new userland components by manually extracting tarballs. Ensure base72.tgz is installed last.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# tar -C / -xzphf xshare72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xserv72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xfont72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xbase72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf man72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf game72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf comp72.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf base72.tgz    # Install last!
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Boot Blocks

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade57.html

Execute this command to install new boot blocks. Ensure sd0 is your boot disk.

```shell
installboot -v sd0
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Script)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade75.html

Installs release tarballs using a ksh loop. Saves a copy of reboot(8) and installs base75.tgz last. Note that tar(1) expands only one archive per invocation.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# for _f in [!b]*75.tgz base75.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Globbing)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade65.html

This method uses ksh globbing to install userland tarballs, with 'base65.tgz' being installed last. It includes backing up the reboot command and then rebooting the system. Note that tar(1) can only expand one archive per invocation, so a simple glob is not sufficient.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
for _f in [!b]*65.tgz base65.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Kernels (Single Processor)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade62.html

Steps to install a new single-processor kernel during a manual upgrade. Ensure you are in the release directory.

```shell
cd /usr/rel    # where you put the release files
ln -f /bsd /obsd && cp bsd /nbsd && mv /nbsd /bsd
cp bsd.rd bsd.mp /    # may give a harmless warning
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland Tarballs (Ksh Loop)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade71.html

Installs release tarballs using a ksh loop. Installs base71.tgz last. Note that tar(1) expands only one archive per invocation.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# for _f in [!b]*71.tgz base71.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Kernels (Multiprocessor)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade62.html

Steps to install a new multiprocessor kernel during a manual upgrade. Ensure you are in the release directory.

```shell
cd /usr/rel    # where you put the release files
ln -f /bsd /obsd && cp bsd.mp /nbsd && mv /nbsd /bsd
cp bsd.rd /
cp bsd /bsd.sp
```

--------------------------------

### Configure SNMPv3 User

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade70.html

Example configuration for setting up a SNMPv3 user with authentication and encryption.

```text
user "manager" authkey "XblueQ300ZyAbUIbndmWjfl" auth hmac-sha1 enc aes enckey "tVadj9jxq8rdJ"
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Ksh Scripted Tarball Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade70.html

Uses a ksh loop to extract release tarballs, excluding 'b*' archives until last. Installs base70.tgz last. Reboots afterward.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# for _f in [!b]*70.tgz base70.tgz; do tar -C / -xzphf "$_f" || break; done
# /sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install Single Processor Kernel

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade47.html

Steps to install a new single-processor kernel during an in-place upgrade. This involves copying the new kernel and ensuring a valid bootable kernel remains.

```shell
export RELEASEPATH=_/usr/rel_   _# where you put the files_
cd ${RELEASEPATH}
rm /obsd ; ln /bsd /obsd && cp bsd /nbsd && mv /nbsd /bsd
cp bsd.rd bsd.mp /
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Kernel (Single Processor)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade57.html

Commands to install a new single-processor kernel. Adjust RELEASEPATH to your file location. This process ensures a valid kernel is available after potential interruptions.

```shell
export RELEASEPATH= /usr/rel/   # where you put the files
cd ${RELEASEPATH}
rm /obsd ; ln /bsd /obsd && cp bsd /nbsd && mv /nbsd /bsd
cp bsd.rd bsd.mp /
```

--------------------------------

### Download Signature File

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/opensmtpd/announces/release-5.7.1.txt

Download the signature file corresponding to the tarball you're installing.

```bash
$ wget https://www.opensmtpd.org/archives/opensmtpd-5.7.1.sum.sig
```

--------------------------------

### Create and Set Permissions for DESTDIR

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/faq5.html

Creates the prototype DESTDIR directories, sets ownership to 'build', and applies 700 permissions.

```bash
mkdir -p /var/dest/{,x}base
chown -R build /var/dest
chmod -R 700   /var/dest
```

--------------------------------

### Configure mfs Partition for DESTDIR

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/faq5.html

Example fstab entry for mounting an mfs partition as DESTDIR with specific options.

```text
swap /dest mfs rw,nosuid,noperm,-P/var/dest,-s1.5G,noauto 0 0
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland - Manual Tarball Extraction

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade67.html

Manually extracts release tarballs to install the new userland. It's crucial to install `base67.tgz` last. A backup of `reboot` is made before extraction.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xshare67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xserv67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp67.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base67.tgz    # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Loading ipsec.conf Immediately

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade67.html

Load the ipsec configuration file immediately.

```shell
# ipsecctl -f /etc/ipsec.conf
```

--------------------------------

### Save Old Reboot and Install Userland

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade57.html

Save the current reboot command before installing new userland applications. Install base57.tgz last as it contains a potentially incompatible tar utility. Reboot immediately after unpacking.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xserv57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xshare57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man57.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base57.tgz # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Process Accounting on Boot

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade41.html

Set the 'accounting=YES' variable in rc.conf to enable process accounting when the system boots. The presence of the /var/account/acct file is no longer sufficient.

```sh
accounting=YES
```

--------------------------------

### Create DESTDIR Directories

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/faq5.html

Ensures the necessary DESTDIR directories for base and xenocara are created before building.

```bash
mkdir /dest/{,x}base
```

--------------------------------

### SSH2 RSA Public Key with Subject Example

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/openssh/txt/draft-ietf-secsh-publickeyfile-02.txt

An example of an SSH2 RSA public key file that includes both a Subject and a Comment field.

```plaintext
---- BEGIN SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
Subject: galb
Comment: 1024-bit rsa, created by galb@shimi Mon Jan 15 08:31:24 2001
AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABJQAAAIEAiPWx6WM4lhHNedGfBpPJNPpZ7yKu+dnn1SJejgt459
6k6YjzGGphH2TUxwKzxcKDKKezwkpfnxPkSMkuEspGRt/aZZ9wa++Oi7Qkr8prgHc4soW6
NUlfDzpvZK2H5E7eQaSeP3SAwGmQKUFHCddNaP0L+hM7zhFNzjFvpaMgJw0=
---- END SSH2 PUBLIC KEY ----
```

--------------------------------

### Set Release Path and Copy New Kernel

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade41.html

Sets the path to the installation files and copies the new kernel, ensuring a fallback option exists in case of system failure during the upgrade.

```shell
export RELEASEPATH=_/usr/rel_   _# where you put the files_
cd ${RELEASEPATH}
rm /obsd ; ln /bsd /obsd && cp bsd /nbsd && mv /nbsd /bsd
cp bsd.rd bsd.mp /**
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Release Index File

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/faq5.html

Creates an index.txt file listing all files in the newly created release, necessary for HTTP(s) distribution.

```shell
ls -nT > index.txt
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Tarball Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade65.html

This sequence of commands manually extracts release tarballs to install the new userland. It includes backing up the reboot command, extracting various filesets, and importantly, installing 'base65.tgz' last. The system is then rebooted using the backed-up reboot command.

```shell
cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
tar -C / -xzphf xshare65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xserv65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xfont65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf xbase65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf man65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf game65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf comp65.tgz
tar -C / -xzphf base65.tgz    # Install last!
/sbin/oreboot
```

--------------------------------

### Install New Userland (Manual Tarball Extraction)

Source: https://github.com/openbsd/www/blob/master/faq/upgrade70.html

Manually extracts release tarballs to update the userland. Save reboot command first and reboot after installation.

```shell
# cp /sbin/reboot /sbin/oreboot
# tar -C / -xzphf xshare70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xserv70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xfont70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf xbase70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf man70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf game70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf comp70.tgz
# tar -C / -xzphf base70.tgz    # Install last!
# /sbin/oreboot
```