### Authenticate with Minecraft using Microsoft OAuth2 - Rust

Source: https://github.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/blob/main/README.md

This Rust code snippet demonstrates how to authenticate into Minecraft online services using a Microsoft OAuth2 token. It uses the `minecraft-msa-auth` crate along with `oauth2-rs` to handle the authentication flow, including device code retrieval, token exchange, and Minecraft token retrieval.  Dependencies include the `minecraft-msa-auth` and `oauth2-rs` crates.

```rust
const DEVICE_CODE_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/devicecode";
const MSA_AUTHORIZE_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/authorize";
const MSA_TOKEN_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0/token";

let client = BasicClient::new(
    ClientId::new(client_id),
    None,
    AuthUrl::new(MSA_AUTHORIZE_URL.to_string())?,
    Some(TokenUrl::new(MSA_TOKEN_URL.to_string())?),
)
.set_device_authorization_url(DeviceAuthorizationUrl::new(DEVICE_CODE_URL.to_string())?);

let details: StandardDeviceAuthorizationResponse = client
    .exchange_device_code()?
    .add_scope(Scope::new("XboxLive.signin offline_access".to_string()))
    .request_async(async_http_client)
    .await?;

println!(
    "Open this URL in your browser: {} and enter the code: {}",
    details.verification_uri().to_string(),
    details.user_code().secret().to_string()
);

let token = client
    .exchange_device_access_token(&details)
    .request_async(async_http_client, tokio::time::sleep, None)
    .await?;
println!("microsoft token: {:?}", token);

let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());
let mc_token = mc_flow.exchange_microsoft_token(token.access_token()).await?;
println!("minecraft token: {:?}", mc_token);
```

--------------------------------

### Rust Minecraft MSA Authorization Code Flow with PKCE

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

Performs a full OAuth2 Authorization Code Flow with PKCE for Microsoft accounts. It configures the OAuth client, generates PKCE parameters, constructs the authorization URL, listens for the callback, exchanges the code for tokens, and finally exchanges the Microsoft token for a Minecraft token. Dependencies include `minecraft-msa-auth`, `oauth2`, `reqwest`, and `tokio`.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::MinecraftAuthorizationFlow;
use oauth2::basic::BasicClient;
use oauth2::reqwest::async_http_client;
use oauth2::{
    AuthType, AuthUrl, AuthorizationCode, ClientId, CsrfToken,
    PkceCodeChallenge, RedirectUrl, Scope, TokenResponse, TokenUrl,
};
use reqwest::{Client, Url};
use tokio::io::{AsyncBufReadExt, AsyncWriteExt, BufReader};
use tokio::net::TcpListener;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let client_id = "your-client-id-here";

    // Configure OAuth2 client with local redirect
    let client = BasicClient::new(
        ClientId::new(client_id.to_string()),
        None,
        AuthUrl::new("https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/authorize".to_string())?,
        Some(TokenUrl::new(
            "https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/token".to_string(),
        )?),
    )
    .set_auth_type(AuthType::RequestBody)
    .set_redirect_uri(
        RedirectUrl::new("http://127.0.0.1:8114/redirect".to_string())?,
    );

    // Generate PKCE challenge for enhanced security
    let (pkce_code_challenge, pkce_code_verifier) = PkceCodeChallenge::new_random_sha256();

    // Generate authorization URL
    let (authorize_url, csrf_state) = client
        .authorize_url(CsrfToken::new_random)
        .add_scope(Scope::new("XboxLive.signin offline_access".to_string()))
        .set_pkce_challenge(pkce_code_challenge)
        .url();

    println!("Open this URL in your browser:\n{}\n", authorize_url);

    // Start local server to receive OAuth callback
    let listener = TcpListener::bind("127.0.0.1:8114").await?;
    let (stream, _) = listener.accept().await?;
    stream.readable().await?;
    let mut stream = BufReader::new(stream);

    // Parse authorization code from redirect
    let mut request_line = String::new();
    stream.read_line(&mut request_line).await?;
    let redirect_url = request_line.split_whitespace().nth(1).unwrap();
    let url = Url::parse(&("http://localhost".to_string() + redirect_url))?;

    let (_key, code_value) = url.query_pairs().find(|(key, _)| key == "code").unwrap();
    let code = AuthorizationCode::new(code_value.into_owned());

    let (_key, state_value) = url.query_pairs().find(|(key, _)| key == "state").unwrap();
    let state = CsrfToken::new(state_value.into_owned());

    // Send response to browser
    let message = "Authentication successful! Return to your application.";
    let response = format!(
        "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\ncontent-length: {}\r\n\r\n{ "
        message.len(),
        message
    );
    stream.write_all(response.as_bytes()).await?;

    // Verify CSRF state
    assert_eq!(state.secret(), csrf_state.secret());

    // Exchange authorization code for token
    let token = client
        .exchange_code(code)
        .set_pkce_verifier(pkce_code_verifier)
        .request_async(async_http_client)
        .await?;

    println!("Microsoft token acquired: {:?}", token.access_token());

    // Exchange Microsoft token for Minecraft token
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());
    let mc_token = mc_flow.exchange_microsoft_token(token.access_token().secret()).await?;

    println!("Minecraft authentication complete!");
    println!("Token: {:?}", mc_token);

    Ok(())
}

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize MinecraftAuthorizationFlow with HTTP Client (Rust)

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

Creates a new instance of MinecraftAuthorizationFlow, which is essential for initiating the authentication process. It requires an HTTP client, such as one from the `reqwest` crate, to perform network requests during the authentication flow.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::MinecraftAuthorizationFlow;
use reqwest::Client;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    // Initialize the authorization flow with a reqwest HTTP client
    let http_client = Client::new();
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(http_client);

    // The flow instance is now ready to exchange Microsoft tokens
    // for Minecraft authentication tokens
}
```

--------------------------------

### Rust: MSA Device Code Flow Authentication

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

This Rust code demonstrates the OAuth2 device code grant flow for Microsoft MSA authentication. It requests device authorization, prompts the user to verify on a device, polls for the access token, and then exchanges it for a Minecraft token. Dependencies include the `minecraft-msa-auth`, `oauth2`, and `reqwest` crates. It takes no explicit input but requires user interaction via a browser and input code.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::MinecraftAuthorizationFlow;
use oauth2::basic::BasicClient;
use oauth2::devicecode::StandardDeviceAuthorizationResponse;
use oauth2::reqwest::async_http_client;
use oauth2::{AuthUrl, ClientId, DeviceAuthorizationUrl, Scope, TokenResponse, TokenUrl};
use reqwest::Client;

const DEVICE_CODE_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/devicecode";
const MSA_AUTHORIZE_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/consumers/oauth2/v2.0/authorize";
const MSA_TOKEN_URL: &str = "https://login.microsoftonline.com/common/oauth2/v2.0/token";

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    // Your Azure AD application client ID
    let client_id = "your-client-id-here";

    // Configure OAuth2 client for Microsoft device flow
    let client = BasicClient::new(
        ClientId::new(client_id.to_string()),
        None,
        AuthUrl::new(MSA_AUTHORIZE_URL.to_string())?,
        Some(TokenUrl::new(MSA_TOKEN_URL.to_string())?),
    )
    .set_device_authorization_url(DeviceAuthorizationUrl::new(DEVICE_CODE_URL.to_string())?);

    // Request device authorization with Xbox Live scope
    let details: StandardDeviceAuthorizationResponse = client
        .exchange_device_code()? 
        .add_scope(Scope::new("XboxLive.signin offline_access".to_string()))
        .request_async(async_http_client)
        .await?;

    // Display instructions to user
    println!(
        "Open this URL in your browser:\n{}\nand enter the code: {}",
        details.verification_uri().to_string(),
        details.user_code().secret().to_string()
    );

    // Poll for token (blocks until user completes authentication)
    let token = client
        .exchange_device_access_token(&details)
        .request_async(async_http_client, tokio::time::sleep, None)
        .await?;
    println!("Microsoft token acquired: {:?}", token.access_token());

    // Exchange Microsoft token for Minecraft token
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());
    let mc_token = mc_flow.exchange_microsoft_token(token.access_token().secret()).await?;

    println!("Successfully authenticated!");
    println!("Minecraft token: {:?}", mc_token);
    println!("Xbox username: {}", mc_token.username());

    Ok(())
}

```

--------------------------------

### Handle Minecraft Authentication Errors in Rust

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

Demonstrates comprehensive error handling for various Minecraft authentication failures using the `minecraft-msa-auth` crate. It covers specific errors like `AddToFamily`, `NoXbox`, `MissingClaims`, and network issues related to `reqwest`.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::{MinecraftAuthorizationFlow, MinecraftAuthorizationError};
use reqwest::Client;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() {
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());
    let microsoft_token = "user-microsoft-token";

    match mc_flow.exchange_microsoft_token(microsoft_token).await {
        Ok(mc_token) => {
            println!("Authentication successful!");
            println!("Username: {}", mc_token.username());
            println!("Expires in: {} seconds", mc_token.expires_in());
        }
        Err(MinecraftAuthorizationError::AddToFamily) => {
            eprintln!("Error: Minor account must be added to Microsoft Family");
            eprintln!("Please add this account to a Microsoft Family to continue");
        }
        Err(MinecraftAuthorizationError::NoXbox) => {
            eprintln!("Error: Xbox account required");
            eprintln!("Please create an Xbox account at xbox.com to use Minecraft");
        }
        Err(MinecraftAuthorizationError::MissingClaims) => {
            eprintln!("Error: Authentication response missing required claims");
            eprintln!("This may indicate an issue with the Microsoft token");
        }
        Err(MinecraftAuthorizationError::Reqwest(e)) => {
            eprintln!("Network error during authentication: {}", e);
            eprintln!("Please check your internet connection and try again");
        }
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Access Minecraft Authentication Response Fields in Rust

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

Shows how to extract key information such as the access token, username, token type, and expiration time from a successful Minecraft authentication response. It also demonstrates using the access token to fetch the user's Minecraft profile.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::{MinecraftAuthorizationFlow, MinecraftAuthenticationResponse};
use reqwest::Client;

async fn authenticate_and_use_token(microsoft_token: &str) -> Result<(), Box<dyn std::error::Error>> {
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());
    let response: MinecraftAuthenticationResponse = mc_flow
        .exchange_microsoft_token(microsoft_token)
        .await?;

    // Get the Minecraft access token (implements Debug with redaction)
    let access_token = response.access_token();

    // Get the Xbox username (NOT the Minecraft player UUID)
    let xbox_username = response.username();

    // Get the token type (typically Bearer)
    let token_type = response.token_type();

    // Get token expiration time in seconds
    let expires_in = response.expires_in();

    // Use the token in Minecraft API requests
    let client = Client::new();
    let profile_response = client
        .get("https://api.minecraftservices.com/minecraft/profile")
        .bearer_auth(access_token.as_ref())
        .send()
        .await?;

    println!("Token valid for {} seconds", expires_in);
    println!("Profile response: {:?}", profile_response.text().await?);

    Ok(())
}
```

--------------------------------

### Exchange Microsoft Token for Minecraft Access Token (Rust)

Source: https://context7.com/minecraft-rs/minecraft-msa-auth/llms.txt

Exchanges a valid Microsoft OAuth2 access token for Minecraft service credentials. This process involves interacting with Xbox Live authentication. The function returns a structure containing the Minecraft access token, username, token type, and expiration time.

```rust
use minecraft_msa_auth::{MinecraftAuthorizationFlow, MinecraftAuthorizationError};
use reqwest::Client;

#[tokio::main]
async fn main() -> Result<(), MinecraftAuthorizationError> {
    // Assume we have a valid Microsoft access token
    let microsoft_token = "EwAoA8l6BAAURSN/FHl..."; // Microsoft OAuth2 access token

    // Create the authorization flow
    let mc_flow = MinecraftAuthorizationFlow::new(Client::new());

    // Exchange the Microsoft token for Minecraft credentials
    let mc_token = mc_flow.exchange_microsoft_token(microsoft_token).await?;

    // Access the authentication response fields
    println!("Minecraft Access Token: {:?}", mc_token.access_token());
    println!("Xbox Username: {}", mc_token.username());
    println!("Token Type: {:?}", mc_token.token_type());
    println!("Expires in: {} seconds", mc_token.expires_in());

    Ok(())
}
```

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