### Go OTel Trace and Metrics Instrumentation

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Initializes OTLP gRPC trace and metric exporters to a local Collector sidecar. It registers a periodic metric reader, creates an Int64Counter, and starts an HTTP server. Each request generates spans, logs, and increments the counter.

```go
// Trace exporter — sends to OTel Collector sidecar via gRPC (insecure, localhost:4317)
traceExporter, err := otlptrace.New(ctx,
    otlptracegrpc.NewClient(otlptracegrpc.WithInsecure()),
)
tp := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(
    sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample()),
    sdktrace.WithSpanProcessor(sdktrace.NewBatchSpanProcessor(traceExporter)),
)
def tp.Shutdown(ctx)
otel.SetTracerProvider(tp)
otel.SetTextMapPropagator(propagation.TraceContext{})

// Metrics exporter — sends to OTel Collector sidecar via gRPC
exporter, err := otlpmetricgrpc.New(ctx, otlpmetricgrpc.WithInsecure())
provider := metric.NewMeterProvider(
    metric.WithReader(metric.NewPeriodicReader(exporter)),
)
def provider.Shutdown(ctx)
meter := provider.Meter("example.com/metrics")
counter, err = meter.Int64Counter("sidecar-sample-counter")

// HTTP handler: creates a span, logs with trace context, generates 10 child spans, increments counter
func handler(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    prop := otel.GetTextMapPropagator()
    ctx := prop.Extract(r.Context(), propagation.HeaderCarrier(r.Header))
    tracer := otel.GetTracerProvider().Tracer("example.com/trace")
    ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "foo")
    defer span.End()

    // Write trace-correlated log to shared volume (read by Collector filelog receiver)
    f, _ := os.OpenFile("/logging/sample-app.log", os.O_APPEND|os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0644)
    defer f.Close()
    logger := log.New(f, fmt.Sprintf("sample-app [%s][spanId: %s]: ",
        span.SpanContext().TraceID(), span.SpanContext().SpanID()), log.LstdFlags)
    logger.Printf("Request: %s %s", r.Method, r.URL.Path)

    generateSpans(ctx, tracer, logger, 10) // generates 10 nested child spans
    counter.Add(ctx, 100)                  // increments metric

    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Logged request to /logging/sample-app.log")
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Generated 10 spans!")
    fmt.Fprintln(w, "Updated sidecar-sample-counter metric!")
}

// Expected curl response:
// Logged request to /logging/sample-app.log
// Generated 10 spans!
// Updated sidecar-sample-counter metric!

```

--------------------------------

### Enable Google Cloud Services

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Enables necessary Google Cloud services for Cloud Run and telemetry using gcloud commands. Ensure you have the gcloud CLI installed and authenticated.

```bash
gcloud services enable run.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable telemetry.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable monitoring.googleapis.com --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Cloud Run Multicontainer Service Definition

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Defines a Cloud Run Service with two containers sharing an in-memory volume. The 'app' container depends on 'collector' being healthy before it starts.

```yaml
apiVersion: serving.knative.dev/v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  annotations:
    run.googleapis.com/launch-stage: ALPHA
  name: "opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample"
spec:
  template:
    metadata:
      annotations:
        run.googleapis.com/execution-environment: gen1
        # Ensures collector starts before app
        run.googleapis.com/container-dependencies: '{"app":["collector"]}'
    spec:
      containers:
        - image: "us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/<project-id>/run-otel-example/sample-app"
          name: app
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8080
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /logging
              name: shared-logs
        - image: "us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/<project-id>/run-otel-example/collector"
          name: collector
          startupProbe:
            initialDelaySeconds: 60
            httpGet:
              path: /
              port: 13133    # OTel Collector health check endpoint
          volumeMounts:
            - mountPath: /logging
              name: shared-logs
      volumes:
        - name: shared-logs
          emptyDir:
            medium: Memory
            sizeLimit: 512Mi
```

```bash
# Substitute image placeholders and deploy
export GCP_PROJECT=<project-id>
sed -i s@%OTELCOL_IMAGE%@us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/${GCP_PROJECT}/run-otel-example/collector@g run-service.yaml
sed -i s@%SAMPLE_APP_IMAGE%@us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/${GCP_PROJECT}/run-otel-example/sample-app@g run-service.yaml
gcloud run services replace run-service.yaml
gcloud run services set-iam-policy opentelemetry-cloud-run-sample policy.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Push Sample App Image

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Build the Golang sample application into a Docker image and push it to the configured Artifact Registry repository.

```bash
pushd app
docker build -t us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/$GCP_PROJECT/run-otel-example/sample-app .
docker push us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/$GCP_PROJECT/run-otel-example/sample-app
popd
```

--------------------------------

### Enable GCP APIs and Configure IAM

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Enables necessary Google Cloud APIs and sets IAM roles for the Cloud Run service account. Ensure you replace <project-id> with your actual project ID.

```bash
gcloud config set project <project-id>

gcloud services enable run.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable cloudtrace.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable monitoring.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com --quiet

# The default Compute Engine Service Account needs these roles for the Cloud Run service:
# roles/monitoring.metricWriter
# roles/cloudtrace.agent
# roles/logging.logWriter
```

--------------------------------

### Set Google Cloud Project

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Configure the gcloud CLI to use the desired Google Cloud project for the sample.

```console
gcloud config set project <project-id>
```

--------------------------------

### Submit to Cloud Build

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Submit the application to Cloud Build for containerization and deployment. Ensure the Cloud Build API is enabled and a service account with appropriate roles is configured.

```console
gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com --quiet
```

```console
../create-service-account.sh
gcloud builds submit . --config=cloudbuild.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Google Cloud Services

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Enable necessary Google Cloud APIs for Cloud Run, Artifact Registry, Cloud Trace, Monitoring, and Cloud Build.

```console
gcloud services enable run.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable artifactregistry.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable cloudtrace.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable monitoring.googleapis.com --quiet
gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Create Cloud Run Service

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Deploy the Cloud Run service using the updated run-service.yaml configuration.

```bash
gcloud run services replace run-service.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Create Service Account and Artifact Registry

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

This script creates a dedicated GCP service account for Cloud Build with necessary roles and provisions an Artifact Registry Docker repository. Run this script from the repository root.

```bash
# Run from the repository root — creates service account and artifact registry
./create-service-account.sh

# What it does:
# 1. Creates SA: run-otel-example-sa@<project-id>.iam.gserviceaccount.com
# 2. Assigns roles:
#    - roles/iam.serviceAccountUser
#    - roles/storage.objectUser
#    - roles/logging.logWriter
#    - roles/artifactregistry.createOnPushWriter
#    - roles/run.admin
#    - roles/run.serviceAgent
# 3. Creates Artifact Registry repo: run-otel-example (docker, us-east1)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Artifact Registry Docker Repository

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Create a Docker repository in Artifact Registry to store container images for the sample application and collector.

```bash
export GCP_PROJECT=<project-id>
gcloud artifacts repositories create run-otel-example \
    --repository-format=docker \
    --location=us-east1
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Push Collector Image

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Build the OpenTelemetry Collector Docker image, including the local configuration, and push it to Artifact Registry.

```bash
pushd collector
docker build -t us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/$GCP_PROJECT/run-otel-example/collector .
docker push us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/$GCP_PROJECT/run-otel-example/collector
popd
```

--------------------------------

### Full OTel Collector Pipeline for Go

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

This configuration is for a full pipeline, receiving OTLP over gRPC and HTTP, processing logs with filelog receiver and regex trace correlation, batching signals, limiting memory, detecting GCP resource metadata, and exporting to Google Cloud for traces and logs, and Google Managed Prometheus for metrics.

```yaml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
  filelog:
    include: [ /logging/*.log ]      # shared in-memory volume from run-service.yaml
    start_at: beginning
    operators:
      - type: regex_parser
        # Extracts traceId/spanId from log lines for log-trace correlation
        regex: '^sample-app \[(?P<trace_id>\S*)\]\[spanId: (?P<span_id>\S*)\]: .*'
        trace:
          trace_id:
            parse_from: attributes.trace_id
          span_id:
            parse_from: attributes.span_id

processors:
  batch:
    send_batch_max_size: 200
    send_batch_size: 200
    timeout: 5s
  memory_limiter:
    check_interval: 1s
    limit_percentage: 65
    spike_limit_percentage: 20
  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, gcp]   # auto-populates Cloud Run resource labels
    timeout: 2s
    override: false

exporters:
  googlecloud:
    log:
      default_log_name: ltm-sample-app
  googlemanagedprometheus:   # exports metrics to Google Managed Prometheus

extensions:
  health_check:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133  # used as startup probe in run-service.yaml

service:
  extensions: [health_check]
  pipelines:
    traces:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlecloud]
    logs:
      receivers: [otlp, filelog]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlecloud]
    metrics:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlemanagedprometheus]

```

--------------------------------

### Configure Docker Authentication

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Authenticate the local Docker client with Google Cloud's Artifact Registry to enable pushing images.

```console
gcloud auth configure-docker \
    us-east1-docker.pkg.dev
```

--------------------------------

### C# Zero-Code OTel Instrumentation with Google Cloud Logging

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Configures OpenTelemetry Zero-Code auto-instrumentation for .NET applications and integrates with Google Cloud Console for structured, log-trace correlated output. Demonstrates structured JSON logging for custom payloads.

```csharp
// Configure Google Cloud structured logging with log-trace correlation
builder.Logging.AddGoogleCloudConsole(options =>
{
    options.IncludeScopes = true;
    // Set to your GCP project ID in appsettings.json: "TraceGoogleCloudProjectId": "<project-id>"
    options.TraceGoogleCloudProjectId = builder.Configuration["TraceGoogleCloudProjectId"];
});

// HTTP endpoint auto-instrumented by OTel (no manual span code needed)
app.MapGet("/rolldice/{player?}", (string? player, ILogger<Program> logger) =>
{
    var result = Random.Shared.Next(1, 7);
    logger.LogInformation("{player} is rolling the dice: {result}", player ?? "Anonymous", result);

    // Structured JSON payload logging — expands into jsonPayload in Cloud Logging
    logger.LogWithJsonPayload(LogLevel.Information, "Player info", new Person
    {
        Name = "John Doe", Age = 30, Courses = ["Math", "Science"]
    });
    return result.ToString();
});

// LogWithJsonPayload extension — serializes object into Cloud Logging jsonPayload scope
public static void LogWithJsonPayload<T>(this ILogger logger, LogLevel logLevel, string message, T payloadObject) where T : class
{
    var dictionary = JsonSerializer.Deserialize<Dictionary<string, object>>(
        JsonSerializer.Serialize(payloadObject));
    using (logger.BeginScope(dictionary!))
    {
        logger.Log(logLevel, message);
    }
}

```

```console
# Invoke the .NET service
CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL=$(gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-dotnet-sample \
    --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)")

./loop_curl.sh 5 "${CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL}/rolldice/foo"   # 5 requests for player "foo"
./loop_curl.sh 10 "${CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL}/rolldice/bar"  # 10 requests for player "bar"

```

--------------------------------

### Cloud Build Automation for Cloud Run Deployment

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Automates the build and deploy pipeline for a multicontainer Cloud Run service. This includes building and pushing Docker images, deploying the service, and setting IAM policies.

```bash
# From the golang/ or csharp/ directory
../create-service-account.sh   # one-time setup
gcloud builds submit . --config=cloudbuild.yaml

# Check deployed service URL
gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample \
    --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)"

# Test the endpoint
export SERVICE_URL=$(gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample \
    --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)")
curl $SERVICE_URL
# Output:
# Logged request to /logging/sample-app.log
# Generated 10 spans!
# Updated sidecar-sample-counter metric!

# Clean up
gcloud run services delete opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample --region us-east1 --quiet
gcloud artifacts repositories delete run-otel-example --location=us-east1 --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Update run-service.yaml Placeholders

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Use sed to replace image placeholders in the run-service.yaml file with your built image URIs.

```bash
sed -i s@%OTELCOL_IMAGE%@us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/${GCP_PROJECT}/run-otel-example/collector@g run-service.yaml
sed -i s@%SAMPLE_APP_IMAGE%@us-east1-docker.pkg.dev/${GCP_PROJECT}/run-otel-example/sample-app@g run-service.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Submit Cloud Build Task

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Submits a Cloud Build task using the provided cloudbuild.yaml configuration file. This command assumes you are in the root of the repository and have a cloudbuild.yaml file present.

```bash
../../create-service-account.sh
gcloud builds submit . --config=cloudbuild.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Enable Cloud Build API

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Enables the Cloud Build API, which is required for building container images on Google Cloud without local Docker support. This command should be run in your local terminal.

```bash
gcloud services enable cloudbuild.googleapis.com --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Describe Cloud Run Service URL

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Retrieves the service URL for the deployed 'opentelemetry-cloud-run-dotnet-sample' Cloud Run service in the 'us-east1' region. This URL is needed to invoke the service.

```bash
gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-dotnet-sample --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)"
```

--------------------------------

### Trigger Sample App and View Telemetry

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Send a request to the Cloud Run service endpoint using curl to generate telemetry data. Save the service URL to the SERVICE_URL environment variable.

```bash
export SERVICE_URL=<service-url>
curl $SERVICE_URL
```

--------------------------------

### OTel Collector Config: Metrics Only to GMP

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

This configuration receives OTLP metrics and exports them to Google Managed Prometheus with automatic GCP resource detection. Use this when you need metrics-only collection.

```yaml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318

processors:
  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, gcp]
    timeout: 2s
    override: false

exporters:
  googlemanagedprometheus:  # intentionally left blank — uses ADC credentials

extensions:
  health_check:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133

service:
  extensions: [health_check]
  pipelines:
    metrics:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlemanagedprometheus]

```

--------------------------------

### Describe Cloud Run Service URL

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Retrieve the endpoint URL of the deployed Cloud Run service after a successful build.

```console
gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)"
```

--------------------------------

### OTel Collector Config: Logs Only via File + OTLP

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

A minimal Collector configuration that forwards logs from a shared log file and OTLP to Cloud Logging. Use this when you only need log collection without traces or metrics.

```yaml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318
  filelog:
    include: [/logging/*.log]
    start_at: beginning

processors:
  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, gcp]
    timeout: 2s
    override: false

exporters:
  googlecloud:
    log:
      default_log_name: my-sample-app

extensions:
  health_check:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133

service:
  extensions: [health_check]
  pipelines:
    logs:
      receivers: [filelog, otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlecloud]

```

--------------------------------

### OTel Collector Config: Traces Only to Cloud Trace

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

This configuration receives OTLP traces and exports them directly to Cloud Trace via the `googlecloud` exporter with GCP resource auto-detection.

```yaml
receivers:
  otlp:
    protocols:
      grpc:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4317
      http:
        endpoint: 0.0.0.0:4318

processors:
  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, gcp]
    timeout: 2s
    override: false

exporters:
  googlecloud:  # intentionally left blank — exports traces to Cloud Trace

extensions:
  health_check:
    endpoint: 0.0.0.0:13133

service:
  extensions: [health_check]
  pipelines:
    traces:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection]
      exporters: [googlecloud]

```

--------------------------------

### Delete Cloud Run Service and Artifact Repository

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Run these commands to remove the deployed Cloud Run service and the associated Artifact Registry repository. Ensure you have the correct region specified.

```bash
gcloud run services delete opentelemetry-cloud-run-dotnet-sample --region us-east1 --quiet
```

```bash
gcloud artifacts repositories delete run-otel-example \
  --location=us-east1 \
  --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Set Cloud Run Service IAM Policy

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Configure the Cloud Run service to accept unauthenticated HTTP access by setting the IAM policy.

```bash
gcloud run services set-iam-policy opentelemetry-cloud-run-sample policy.yaml
```

--------------------------------

### Invoke Cloud Run Service

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/csharp/README.md

Invokes the deployed Cloud Run service multiple times using a utility script. This helps generate telemetry data for monitoring. Ensure 'loop_curl.sh' is executable.

```bash
CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL=$(gcloud run services describe opentelemetry-cloud-run-dotnet-sample --region=us-east1 --format="value(status.url)")

# This will invoke call the service 5 times with argument "foo"
./loop_curl.sh 5 "${CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL}/rolldice/foo"

# This will invoke call the service 10 times with argument "bar"
./loop_curl.sh 10 "${CLOUD_RUN_SERVICE_URL}/rolldice/bar"
```

--------------------------------

### Delete Cloud Run Service

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Clean up the deployed Cloud Run service to avoid ongoing charges.

```bash
gcloud run services delete opentelemetry-cloud-run-golang-sample --region us-east1 --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Delete Artifacts Repository

Source: https://github.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/blob/main/golang/README.md

Remove the artifact repository used for storing container images.

```bash
gcloud artifacts repositories delete run-otel-example \
  --location=us-east1 \
  --quiet
```

--------------------------------

### Rename Reserved Metric Attributes (OTel Collector Config)

Source: https://context7.com/googlecloudplatform/opentelemetry-cloud-run/llms.txt

Use this configuration when your app emits metrics with reserved GMP label names. The transform processor renames them with an 'exported_' prefix to prevent API rejection.

```yaml
processors:
  resourcedetection:
    detectors: [env, gcp]
    timeout: 2s
    override: false
  transform:
    metric_statements:
    - context: datapoint
      statements:
      - set(attributes["exported_location"], attributes["location"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "location")
      - set(attributes["exported_cluster"], attributes["cluster"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "cluster")
      - set(attributes["exported_namespace"], attributes["namespace"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "namespace")
      - set(attributes["exported_job"], attributes["job"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "job")
      - set(attributes["exported_instance"], attributes["instance"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "instance")
      - set(attributes["exported_project_id"], attributes["project_id"])
      - delete_key(attributes, "project_id")

exporters:
  googlemanagedprometheus:

service:
  pipelines:
    metrics:
      receivers: [otlp]
      processors: [resourcedetection, transform]
      exporters: [googlemanagedprometheus]
```

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