### Install and Start EthereumJS Client

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Install the EthereumJS client using npm or from source and start it. Use CLI parameters to specify network configurations.

```shell
npm installation	hereumjs

# Source installation

```

```shell
npm run client:start
```

```shell
# npm installation	hereumjs --network=sepolia

# Source installation

```

```shell
npm run client:start -- --network=sepolia
```

--------------------------------

### Install EthereumJS Monorepo Packages

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/mpt/examples/merkle_patricia_trees/README.md

Clone the repository and install necessary packages using npm. Navigate to the 'trie' package directory to run examples.

```bash
git clone git@github.com:ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo.git
cd ethereumjs-monorepo/
npm install
cd packages/trie
```

--------------------------------

### Start Manual Ethereumjs Client

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/EOF.md

Manually start the ethereumjs client for a custom network setup. Ensure the DATADIR is clean and properly structured. Requires specific geth genesis configuration.

```bash
npm run client:start -- --datadir data/eof/ethereumjs --gethGenesis test/sim/configs/geth-genesis.json --rpc --rpcEngine --rpcEngineAuth false
```

--------------------------------

### Setup EthereumJS with Lodestar Quickstart

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Use this command to initialize the EthereumJS client when running with the Lodestar quick-start repository. It specifies the network, data directory, and the execution client.

```shell
./setup.sh --network sepolia --dataDir sepolia-data --elClient ethereumjs
```

--------------------------------

### Benchmark Results Summary

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/test/tester/scripts/benchmarkBAL.md

This is an example of the output generated by the benchmark script, showing the setup, processing, and validation times for both `runBlock()` and `consumeBal()` methods, along with the total process speedup.

```text
Summary
  runBlock   setup=1217.30ms process=471664.39ms validate=634.67ms total=473516.36ms
  consumeBal setup=463.41ms process=28967.96ms validate=439.14ms total=29870.50ms
  total process speedup=16.28x
 
```

--------------------------------

### Start Geth Instance for Debugging

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/examples/local-debugging.md

Start a Geth instance with optional sync mode and verbosity settings for debugging purposes.

```shell
geth [--syncmode=full] [--verbosity=5]
```

--------------------------------

### Start Manual Lodestar Client (Docker)

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/EOF.md

Manually start the lodestar client using Docker for a custom network setup. Requires the genesis hash and timestamp from the ethereumjs client. For Mac users, use the lodestar binary directly.

```bash
docker run --rm --name beacon --network host chainsafe/lodestar:latest dev --dataDir data/eof/lodestar --genesisValidators 8 --startValidators 0..7 --enr.ip 127.0.0.1 --genesisEth1Hash 0x3feda37f61eaa3d50deaa39cf04e352af0b54c521b0f16d26f826b54edeef756 --params.ALTAIR_FORK_EPOCH 0 --params.BELLATRIX_FORK_EPOCH 0 --params.TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY 0x01 --genesisTime 1664538222
```

```bash
lodestar dev --dataDir data/eof/lodestar --genesisValidators 8 --startValidators 0..7 --enr.ip 127.0.0.1 --genesisEth1Hash $GENESIS_HASH --params.ALTAIR_FORK_EPOCH 0 --params.BELLATRIX_FORK_EPOCH 0 --params.TERMINAL_TOTAL_DIFFICULTY 0x01 --genesisTime 1664538222
```

--------------------------------

### Start Peer 2 in Multi-Peer Setup

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/EOF.md

Initiates the second peer after the first peer has started and the countdown to genesis is visible. Ensure lodestar is stable. The default Docker image used is `chainsafe/lodestar:latest` if `LODE_BINARY` is omitted.

```bash
NETWORK=eof DATADIR=/data/eof LODE_BINARY=lodestar MULTIPEER=peer2 test/sim/./single-run.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize KZG for EIP-4844 Blob Transactions

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/README.md

Manually install and initialize KZG using the micro-eth-signer and trusted-setups packages. This setup is required for creating EIP-4844 blob transactions and other KZG-related proof functionalities within the `common` instance.

```typescript
// ./examples/initKzg.ts

import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { trustedSetup } from '@paulmillr/trusted-setups/fast-peerdas.js'
import { KZG as microEthKZG } from 'micro-eth-signer/kzg.js'

const main = async () => {
  const kzg = new microEthKZG(trustedSetup)
  // Instantiate `common`
  const common = new Common({
    chain: Mainnet,
    hardfork: Hardfork.Cancun,
    customCrypto: { kzg },
  })

  console.log(common.customCrypto.kzg) // should output the KZG API as an object
}

void main()
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dependencies

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/README.md

Install all project dependencies using npm after cloning the repository.

```sh
npm install
```

--------------------------------

### setup

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/blockchain/docs/classes/EthashConsensus.md

Sets up the consensus mechanism with provided options.

```APIDOC
## setup(__namedParameters)

### Description
Set up consensus mechanism.

### Parameters
#### Parameters
- **
__namedParameters** (`ConsensusOptions`) - Options for setting up the consensus mechanism.

### Returns
- `Promise<void>` - A promise that resolves when the setup is complete.
```

--------------------------------

### Changelog Preparation Prompt

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/DEVELOPER.md

An example prompt to guide AI in preparing changelog updates for package releases. It specifies release details, commit history, and filtering criteria for relevant changes.

```markdown
I want to do a new release round for all active packages listed in @README.md. Version bump has already been done, see an exemplary [ REFERENCE package.json FILE ] file, release is target for today. Last release round has been done on [ ENTER DATE IN FORMAT: April 29 2025 ] along commit [ ENTER COMMIT HASH, e.g.: 9e461f54312bf20c710b43ab73f7d3ad753f8765 ]. An exemplary CHANGELOG.md file is [ REFERENCE e.g. block CHANGELOG.md file ].

Can you please add new sections in the CHANGELOG files and add one-line summaries for the user-facing changes? For this please go for the commits since last release, one commit represents one PR due to our (squash) merge policy. You can leave out PRs only updating documentation, code in the examples folder or tests. Also tooling infrastructure (linting,...) and CI updating PRs can be left out. New support for new and deprecation for older Node.js as well as TypeScript versions should be added. Version updates for external dependencies - so not from within the monorepo - should be added as well.

Here is an example for the format of a change/PR entry:

- New default hardfork: `Shanghai` -> `Cancun`, see PR [#3566](https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/pull/3566)

For the CHANGELOG files you have not added lines in this step please nevertheless add a CHANGELOG entry (we do releases for all active packages no matter the changeset) and enter the following sentence: Maintenance release, no active changes.
```

--------------------------------

### Install EthereumJS Client via NPM

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Installs the latest version of the EthereumJS client globally using npm. Ensure Node.js is installed.

```shell
npm install -g @ethereumjs/client
```

--------------------------------

### Run EIP-8024 Stack Opcodes Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/evm/README.md

Command to execute the TypeScript example demonstrating DUPN, SWAPN, and EXCHANGE opcodes. Ensure you are in the 'packages/evm' directory when running this command.

```shell
npx tsx examples/opcodes/0xe6-e8-eip8024-stack-opcodes.ts
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/rlp

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/rlp/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/rlp package using npm. Use the -g flag for global installation to access the CLI.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/rlp
```

--------------------------------

### Command to Run RPC Mainnet Block Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/README.md

This command shows how to execute the provided TypeScript example for running a mainnet block using an RPC provider. Replace `<providerUrl>` and `<blockNumber>` with your specific values.

```bash
npx tsx examples/runBlockWithRPC.ts <providerUrl> <blockNumber>
```

--------------------------------

### Install EthereumJS VM

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/README.md

Install the latest version of the EthereumJS VM package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/vm
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/statemanager

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/statemanager/README.md

Install the latest version of the StateManager package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/statemanager
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/util

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/util/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/util package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/util
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/mpt

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/mpt/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/mpt package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/mpt
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/evm

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/evm/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/evm package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/evm
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/e2store

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/e2store/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/e2store package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/e2store
```

--------------------------------

### Start Peer 1 in Multi-Peer Setup

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/EOF.md

Initiates the first peer in a multi-peer test environment. Ensure lodestar is stable. The default Docker image used is `chainsafe/lodestar:latest` if `LODE_BINARY` is omitted.

```bash
NETWORK=eof DATADIR=/data/eof LODE_BINARY=lodestar MULTIPEER=peer1 test/sim/./single-run.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Start Second EthereumJS Client with Bootnode

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/examples/local-debugging.md

Start a second EthereumJS client, connecting it to a previously started client using its enode address. Ensure to replace '[DEV1_NODE_ID]' with the actual node ID and use '127.0.0.1' for the IP address.

```shell
DEBUG=ethjs,devp2p:* npm run client:start:dev2 -- --bootnodes=enode://[DEV1_NODE_ID]@127.0.0.1:30303
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/common

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/common/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/common package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/common
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/block

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/block/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/block package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/block
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/ethash

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/ethash/README.md

Use npm to install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/ethash library.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/ethash
```

--------------------------------

### Start EthereumJS Client for Debugging

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/examples/local-debugging.md

Use this script to start a first EthereumJS client for debugging. It listens on the default port and uses the default data directory. Set DEBUG environment variable for detailed logs.

```shell
DEBUG=ethjs,devp2p:* npm run client:start:dev1
```

```shell
DEBUG=ethjs,devp2p:* npm run client:start:dev1 -- --datadir=datadir-dev1
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/genesis Package

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/genesis/README.md

Use npm to install the @ethereumjs/genesis package. This command is typically run in your project's terminal.

```shell
npm i @ethereumjs/genesis
```

--------------------------------

### JSON-RPC Response Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Example of a successful JSON-RPC response for the `web3_clientVersion` method.

```json
{
  "id": "1",
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "result": "EthereumJS/0.0.5/darwin/node12.15.0"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Start Development Network (PoA)

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Start a local PoA clique network for development. This command prefunds an account and mines blocks at 10-second intervals. It is recommended to pair with --rpc for a full development environment.

```shell
ethereumjs --dev=poa --rpc
```

--------------------------------

### Connect Geth to EthereumJS Instance

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/examples/local-debugging.md

Connect a Geth client to a running EthereumJS instance. You will need the enode address from the EthereumJS client started with `client:start:dev1`.

```shell
geth --maxpeers=1 --bootnodes=enode://[DEV1_NODE_ID]@127.0.0.1:30303
```

--------------------------------

### Install Browser Dependencies for Vitest/Playwright

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/DEVELOPER.md

Command to install Chromium browser dependencies required for running browser tests with Vitest and Playwright. This is a one-time setup.

```sh
npm run install-browser-deps
```

--------------------------------

### REPL Command Example: Get Block by Number

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Example of using the REPL to fetch a block by its number using the .eth_getBlockByNumber command. The second argument 'true' indicates that transaction details should be included.

```shell
EthJS > .eth_getBlockByNumber ["latest", true]
```

--------------------------------

### Server Constructor

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/devp2p/docs/classes/Server.md

Initializes a new Server instance. It requires a DPT instance, a private key, and optional server options.

```APIDOC
## Server Constructor

### Description
Initializes a new Server instance.

### Parameters
#### Parameters
- **dpt** (DPT) - The DPT instance to associate with this server.
- **privateKey** (Uint8Array) - The private key for the server.
- **options** (DPTServerOptions) - Optional configuration options for the server.
```

--------------------------------

### Display EthereumJS Client Help

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Run the EthereumJS client with the --help flag to view all available client options.

```shell
ethereumjs --help
```

--------------------------------

### Start External Geth Client for Simulation

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/snapsync.md

Initiates an external Geth client for simulation purposes. Ensure the ethereumjs-monorepo is built and prerequisites are met. This command sets up the network and client parameters.

```bash
NETWORK=mainnet NETWORKID=1337903 ELCLIENT=geth EXTRA_CL_PARAMS="--params.CAPELLA_FORK_EPOCH 0"  DATADIR=/usr/app/ethereumjs/packages/client/data test/sim/single-run.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate Fee Market EIP-1559 Transaction

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/README.md

Example of how to instantiate a Fee Market EIP-1559 transaction. This is the recommended transaction type starting with the London hardfork.

```typescript
// ./examples/londonTx.ts

import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import type { FeeMarketEIP1559TxData } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
import { createFeeMarket1559Tx } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
import { bytesToHex } from '@ethereumjs/util'

const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet, hardfork: Hardfork.London })

const txData: FeeMarketEIP1559TxData = {
  data: '0x1a8451e600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  gasLimit: '0x02625a00',
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: '0x01',
  maxFeePerGas: '0xff',
  nonce: '0x00',
  to: '0xcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc',
  value: '0x0186a0',
  v: '0x01',
  r: '0xafb6e247b1c490e284053c87ab5f6b59e219d51f743f7a4d83e400782bc7e4b9',
  s: '0x479a268e0e0acd4de3f1e28e4fac2a6b32a4195e8dfa9d19147abe8807aa6f64',
  chainId: '0x01',
  accessList: [],
  type: '0x02',
}

const tx = createFeeMarket1559Tx(txData, { common })
console.log(bytesToHex(tx.hash())) // 0x6f9ef69ccb1de1aea64e511efd6542541008ced321887937c95b03779358ec8a

```

--------------------------------

### Get Hashed Message to Sign

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/docs/classes/LegacyTx.md

Obtains the hashed serialized unsigned transaction payload. This hash is typically used for signing the transaction, for example, when interacting with hardware wallets.

```typescript
import { LegacyTx } from "@ethereumjs/tx";

// Assuming tx is an instance of LegacyTx
const hashedMessage = tx.getHashedMessageToSign();
console.log(hashedMessage);
```

--------------------------------

### Get Ethereumjs Genesis Hash

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/EOF.md

Retrieve the genesis block hash from a running ethereumjs client using curl and jq. This hash is required for starting the lodestar client.

```bash
curl --location --request POST 'http://localhost:8545' --header 'Content-Type: application/json' --data-raw '{ "jsonrpc": "2.0", "method": "eth_getBlockByNumber", "params": [ "0x0", true ], "id": 1 }' 2>/dev/null | jq ".result.hash"
```

--------------------------------

### Get Mainnet Genesis State

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/genesis/README.md

Import and use the getGenesis function with Chain.Mainnet to retrieve the genesis state for the Ethereum main network. The example logs the balance of a specific account.

```typescript
// ./examples/simple.ts

import { Chain } from '@ethereumjs/common' // or directly use chain ID
import { getGenesis } from '@ethereumjs/genesis'

const mainnetGenesis = getGenesis(Chain.Mainnet)
console.log(
  `This balance for account 0x000d836201318ec6899a67540690382780743280 in this chain's genesis state is ${parseInt(
    mainnetGenesis!['0x000d836201318ec6899a67540690382780743280'] as string,
  )}"`,
)
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate and Use RLPx

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/devp2p/README.md

Instantiate an RLPx object with a common instance and private key. This example demonstrates setting up RLPx with specific capabilities and logging its active status.

```typescript
import { Common, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { ETH, RLPx } from '@ethereumjs/devp2p'
import { hexToBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'

const main = async () => {
  const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet })
  const PRIVATE_KEY = hexToBytes(
    '0xed6df2d4b7e82d105538e4a1279925a16a84e772243e80a561e1b201f2e78220',
  )
  const rlpx = new RLPx(PRIVATE_KEY, {
    maxPeers: 25,
    capabilities: [ETH.eth65, ETH.eth64],
    common,
  })
  console.log(`RLPx is active - ${rlpx._isAlive()}`)
  rlpx.destroy()
}

void main()
```

--------------------------------

### Get and Parse E2HS Block Index

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/e2store/README.md

Use getBlockIndex to retrieve the block index information from an E2HS file, then use readBlockIndex to parse the starting number and offsets of the blocks.

```typescript
// ./examples/e2hs.ts#L18-L28

const blockIndex = getBlockIndex(e2hsFile)
console.log('blockIndex', {
  type: blockIndex.type,
  count: blockIndex.count,
  recordStart: blockIndex.recordStart,
  data: blockIndex.data.length + ' bytes',
})

const { startingNumber, offsets } = readBlockIndex(blockIndex.data, blockIndex.count)
console.log('startingNumber', startingNumber)
console.log('offsets', offsets.length)
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate and Use Blockchain

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/blockchain/README.md

Example demonstrating how to instantiate a Blockchain object, add blocks, and iterate through them. Validation is skipped for simplicity. Ensure to consult @ethereumjs/block for block creation details.

```typescript
// ./examples/simple.ts

import { createBlock } from '@ethereumjs/block'
import { createBlockchain } from '@ethereumjs/blockchain'
import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { bytesToHex } from '@ethereumjs/util'

const main = async () => {
  const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet, hardfork: Hardfork.London })
  // Use the safe static constructor which awaits the init method
  const blockchain = await createBlockchain({
    validateBlocks: false, // Skipping validation so we can make a simple chain without having to provide complete blocks
    validateConsensus: false,
    common,
  })

  // We use minimal data to provide a sequence of blocks (increasing number, difficulty, and then setting parent hash to previous block)
  const block = createBlock(
    {
      header: {
        number: 1n,
        parentHash: blockchain.genesisBlock.hash(),
        difficulty: blockchain.genesisBlock.header.difficulty + 1n,
      },
    },
    { common, setHardfork: true },
  )
  const block2 = createBlock(
    {
      header: {
        number: 2n,
        parentHash: block.header.hash(),
        difficulty: block.header.difficulty + 1n,
      },
    },
    { common, setHardfork: true },
  )
  // See @ethereumjs/block for more details on how to create a block
  await blockchain.putBlock(block)
  await blockchain.putBlock(block2)

  // We iterate over the blocks in the chain to the current head (block 2)
  await blockchain.iterator('i', (block) => {
    const blockNumber = block.header.number.toString()
    const blockHash = bytesToHex(block.hash())
    console.log(`Block ${blockNumber}: ${blockHash}`)
  })

  // Block 1: 0xa1a061528d74ba81f560e1ebc4f29d6b58171fc13b72b876cdffe6e43b01bdc5
  // Block 2: 0x5583be91cf9fb14f5dbeb03ad56e8cef19d1728f267c35a25ba5a355a528f602
}
void main()
```

--------------------------------

### Run a Transaction with EthereumJS VM

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/README.md

Example of running a simple ETH transfer transaction using the EthereumJS VM. Ensure necessary imports and setup for common, state, and transaction creation.

```typescript
// ./examples/runTx.ts

import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { createLegacyTx } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
import { createAccount, createAddressFromPrivateKey, createZeroAddress, hexToBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'
import { createVM, runTx } from '@ethereumjs/vm'

const main = async () => {
  const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet, hardfork: Hardfork.Shanghai })
  const vm = await createVM({ common })

  const senderKey = hexToBytes(`0x${'20'.repeat(32)}`)
  const sender = createAddressFromPrivateKey(senderKey)
  await vm.stateManager.putAccount(sender, createAccount({ nonce: 0n, balance: BigInt(1e18) }))

  const tx = createLegacyTx({
    gasLimit: 21000n,
    gasPrice: 1_000_000_000n,
    value: 1n,
    to: createZeroAddress(),
  }).sign(senderKey)

  const res = await runTx(vm, { tx })
  console.log(res.totalGasSpent) // 21000n - gas cost for simple ETH transfer
}

void main()
```

--------------------------------

### Run MODEXP Precompile with Different Hardforks

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/evm/README.md

Example for the MODEXP precompile (address 0x05), demonstrating how to construct input data for the calculation 2^3 mod 5. It shows how to run the precompile with different hardforks (default and Cancun).

```typescript
// ./examples/precompiles/05-modexp.ts

import { Hardfork } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { runPrecompile } from './util.ts'

const main = async () => {
  // MODEXP precompile (address 0x05)
  // Calculate: 2^3 mod 5 = 8 mod 5 = 3
  //
  // Input format:
  // - First 32 bytes: base length (0x01 = 1 byte)
  // - Next 32 bytes: exponent length (0x01 = 1 byte)
  // - Next 32 bytes: modulus length (0x01 = 1 byte)
  // - Next 1 byte: base value (0x02 = 2)
  // - Next 1 byte: exponent value (0x03 = 3)
  // - Next 1 byte: modulus value (0x05 = 5)

  const baseLen = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001' // 1 byte
  const expLen = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001' // 1 byte
  const modLen = '0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001' // 1 byte
  const base = '02' // 2
  const exponent = '03' // 3
  const modulus = '05' // 5

  const data = `0x${baseLen}${expLen}${modLen}${base}${exponent}${modulus}`

  await runPrecompile('MODEXP', '0x05', data)
  await runPrecompile('MODEXP', '0x05', data, Hardfork.Cancun)
}

void main()

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize VM with Shanghai Hardfork

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/README.md

Sets up a new VM instance configured for the Shanghai hardfork using the Common library. This is useful for executing transactions within a specific hardfork context.

```typescript
import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { createLegacyTx } from '@ethereumjs/tx'
import { createAccount, createAddressFromPrivateKey, createZeroAddress, hexToBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'
import { createVM, runTx } from '@ethereumjs/vm'

const main = async () => {
  const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet, hardfork: Hardfork.Shanghai })
  const vm = await createVM({ common })
```

--------------------------------

### Get Raw Message to Sign for Blob4844Tx

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/docs/classes/Blob4844Tx.md

Retrieves the raw serialized unsigned transaction payload, which can be used for signing, for example, with a hardware wallet. This is the direct message to be signed, unlike its hashed counterpart. Implements the TransactionInterface.

```javascript
const serializedMessage = tx.getMessageToSign() // use this for the HW wallet input
```

--------------------------------

### Run Beaconsync Simulation with Geth

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/beaconsync.md

Initiates the Beaconsync simulation using Geth as the execution client on the mainnet configuration. Ensure all prerequisites are met before execution.

```bash
BEACON_SYNC=true  NETWORK=mainnet NETWORKID=1337903 ELCLIENT=geth npx vitest run test/sim/beaconsync.spec.ts
```

--------------------------------

### Browser Wallet Creation Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/wallet/examples/browser.html

Use this snippet to create a wallet instance from a public key in a browser environment. Ensure you have imported the necessary modules from '@ethereumjs/wallet' and '@ethereumjs/util'.

```javascript
import { Wallet } from '@ethereumjs/wallet'
import { hexToBytes, bytesToHex } from '@ethereumjs/util'

const publicKey = '0x5d4392f450262b276652c1fc037606abac500f3160830ce9df53aa70d95ce7cfb8b06010b2f3691c78c65c21eb4cf3dfdbfc0745d89b664ee10435bb3a0f906c'
const wallet = Wallet.fromPublicKey(hexToBytes(publicKey))

console.log(bytesToHex(wallet.getAddress()))
```

--------------------------------

### Run EIP-4844 Spec Tests with Vitest (Steps 1 & 3)

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/4844-devnet.md

Command to execute EIP-4844 specification tests using Vitest. This command automatically starts the necessary nodes and runs the tests against them. It combines the devnet setup with the spec tests.

```bash
LODE_IMAGE=g11tech/lodestar:36-7b0e9f DATADIR=path/to/your/data/directory npx vitest test/sim/sharding.spec.ts
```

--------------------------------

### Run Benchmarks

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/DEVELOPER.md

Execute the benchmarks with 'mainnetBlocks'. You can specify the number of samples to run by appending a colon and a number.

```bash
npm run benchmarks -- mainnetBlocks
```

```bash
npm run benchmarks -- mainnetBlocks:10
```

--------------------------------

### Delete Key-Value Pair from Trie

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/mpt/examples/merkle_patricia_trees/README.md

Demonstrates deleting a key-value pair from a Merkle Patricia Trie using the 'del' method after performing put and get operations. This example shows how deleting the last entry returns the trie to its initial empty state.

```jsx
async function test() {
  const key = utf8ToBytes('testKey')
  const value = utf8ToBytes('testValue')
  await trie.put(key, value) // We update (using "put") the trie with the key-value pair "testKey": "testValue"
  const valuePre = await trie.get(key) // We retrieve (using "get") the value at key "testKey"
  console.log('Value (String): ', bytesToUtf8(valuePre)) // We retrieve our value
  console.log('Updated trie root:', bytesToHex(trie.root())) // The new trie root

  await trie.del(key)
  const valuePost = await trie.get(key) // We try to retrieve the value at (deleted) key "testKey"
  console.log('Value at key "testKey": ', valuePost) // Key not found. Value is therefore null.
  console.log('Trie root after deletion:', bytesToHex(trie.root())) // Our trie root is back to its initial value
}

test()

// RESULT
Empty trie root:  0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421
Value (String):  testValue
Updated trie root: 0x8e8143672133dd5ab00dfc4b011460ea2a7b00d910dc4278942ae9105cb62074
Value at key "testKey":  null
Trie root after deletion: 0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421
```

--------------------------------

### Run REPL with Custom Genesis

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Start the EthereumJS client REPL and pass a custom genesis file using the --gethGenesis flag.

```shell
npm run repl -- --gethGenesis /data/genesis.json
```

--------------------------------

### createVM()

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/docs/functions/createVM.md

Asynchronously creates and initializes a VM engine instance.

```APIDOC
## createVM()

### Description
Asynchronously creates and initializes a VM engine instance.

### Method
N/A (This is a function constructor)

### Endpoint
N/A

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
N/A

#### Query Parameters
N/A

#### Request Body
N/A

### Request Example
```json
{
  "opts": {
    "exampleOption": "value"
  }
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (Promise<VM>)
- **VM** (object) - An initialized VM instance.

#### Response Example
```json
{
  "vmInstance": "[VM Object]"
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### Sign Legacy and EIP-1559 Transactions with Ledger

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/README.md

Example demonstrating how to sign both legacy and EIP-1559 transactions using a Ledger hardware wallet. It covers setting up the transport, creating transaction data, obtaining the message to sign, and adding the signature back to the transaction object. Ensure you have `@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth` and `@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid` installed.

```typescript
// examples/ledgerSigner.mts

import { Common, Sepolia } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { RLP } from '@ethereumjs/rlp'
import {
  type FeeMarketEIP1559TxData,
  type LegacyTxData,
  createFeeMarket1559Tx,
  createLegacyTx,
} from '@ethereumjs/tx'
import { bytesToHex } from '@ethereumjs/util'
import Eth from '@ledgerhq/hw-app-eth'
import TransportNodeHid from '@ledgerhq/hw-transport-node-hid'

const transport = await TransportNodeHid.default.open()
const eth = new Eth.default(transport)
const common = new Common({ chain: Sepolia })

// Signing with the first key of the derivation path
const bip32Path = "44'/60'/0'/0/0"

const legacyTxData: LegacyTxData = {
  nonce: '0x0',
  gasPrice: '0x09184e72a000',
  gasLimit: '0x2710',
  to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  value: '0x00',
  data: '0x7f7465737432000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000600057',
}

const eip1559TxData: FeeMarketEIP1559TxData = {
  data: '0x1a8451e600000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
  gasLimit: '0x02625a00',
  maxPriorityFeePerGas: '0x01',
  maxFeePerGas: '0xff',
  nonce: '0x00',
  to: '0xcccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccccc',
  value: '0x0186a0',
  accessList: [],
  type: '0x02',
}

const run = async () => {
  // Signing a legacy tx
  const tx1 = createLegacyTx(legacyTxData, { common })
  const unsignedTx1 = tx1.getMessageToSign()
  // Ledger signTransaction API expects it to be serialized
  // Ledger returns unprefixed hex strings without 0x for v, r, s values
  const { v, r, s } = await eth.signTransaction(
    bip32Path,
    bytesToHex(RLP.encode(unsignedTx1)).slice(2),
    null,
  )
  const signedTx1 = tx1.addSignature(BigInt(`0x${v}`), BigInt(`0x${r}`), BigInt(`0x${s}`))
  const from = signedTx1.getSenderAddress().toString()
  console.log(`signedTx: ${bytesToHex(tx1.serialize())}\nfrom: ${from}`)

  // Signing a 1559 tx
  const tx2 = createFeeMarket1559Tx(eip1559TxData, { common })
  // Ledger returns unprefixed hex strings without 0x for v, r, s values
  const unsignedTx2 = tx2.getMessageToSign()
  const { v2, r2, s2 } = await eth.signTransaction(
    bip32Path,
    bytesToHex(unsignedTx2).slice(2),
    null,
  )
  const signedTx2 = tx2.addSignature(BigInt(`0x${v2}`), BigInt(`0x${r2}`), BigInt(`0x${s2}`))
  const from2 = signedTx2.getSenderAddress().toString()
  console.log(`signedTx: ${bytesToHex(tx2.serialize())}\nfrom: ${from2}`)
}

run()

```

--------------------------------

### Profile Benchmarks with 0x

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/vm/DEVELOPER.md

Use this command to profile benchmarks with detailed performance analysis using the 0x tool. It will generate a link to view the results.

```bash
npm run profiling -- mainnetBlocks:10
```

--------------------------------

### Start EthereumJS Client with Private Network

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/examples/private-geth-network.md

Launches the EthereumJS client, configuring it to use custom genesis parameters and connect to the private Geth network using the obtained bootnode enode address.

```bash
npm run client:start -- --gethGenesis=path/to/poa.json --bootnodes=[enode address of your geth node] --port=30305
```

--------------------------------

### Registering and Using a Custom Addition Precompile

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/evm/README.md

Demonstrates how to define and register a custom precompile for addition, then use it within the EVM. This example shows setting up the EVM with a custom precompile and executing a call to it.

```typescript
// ./examples/precompiles/customPrecompile.ts

import { Common, Hardfork, Mainnet } from '@ethereumjs/common'
import { createEVM } from '@ethereumjs/evm'
import {
  bigIntToBytes,
  bytesToBigInt,
  bytesToHex,
  createAddressFromString,
  setLengthLeft,
} from '@ethereumjs/util'

import type { ExecResult, PrecompileInput } from '@ethereumjs/evm'

// Custom precompile that adds two 32-byte big-endian unsigned integers (mod 2^256).
const ADDITION_GAS = 15n

function additionPrecompile(input: PrecompileInput): ExecResult {
  const a = bytesToBigInt(input.data.subarray(0, 32))
  const b = bytesToBigInt(input.data.subarray(32, 64))
  const sum = (a + b) % 2n ** 256n
  return {
    executionGasUsed: ADDITION_GAS,
    returnValue: setLengthLeft(bigIntToBytes(sum), 32),
  }
}

const main = async () => {
  const common = new Common({ chain: Mainnet, hardfork: Hardfork.Prague })
  const ADDRESS = '0x000000000000000000000000000000000000ff01'

  // Register the custom precompile with a hex string address
  const evm = await createEVM({
    common,
    customPrecompiles: [{ address: ADDRESS, function: additionPrecompile }],
  })

  // Verify it is registered
  const fn = evm.getPrecompile(ADDRESS)
  console.log(`Precompile registered at ${ADDRESS}: ${fn !== undefined}`)

  // Build call data: two 32-byte values (7 + 35)
  const a = setLengthLeft(bigIntToBytes(7n), 32)
  const b = setLengthLeft(bigIntToBytes(35n), 32)
  const callData = new Uint8Array(64)
  callData.set(a, 0)
  callData.set(b, 32)

  // Execute via runCall
  const result = await evm.runCall({
    to: createAddressFromString(ADDRESS),
    gasLimit: BigInt(30000),
    data: callData,
  })

  console.log('--------------------------------')
  console.log('Custom Addition Precompile')
  console.log(`Input    : 7 + 35`)
  console.log(`Result   : ${bytesToBigInt(result.execResult.returnValue)} (${bytesToHex(result.execResult.returnValue)})`)
  console.log(`Gas used : ${result.execResult.executionGasUsed}`)
  console.log('--------------------------------')
}

void main()

```

--------------------------------

### Constructor

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/evm/docs/classes/EVMMockBlockchain.md

Initializes a new instance of the EVMMockBlockchain class.

```APIDOC
## Constructor

### Description

Initializes a new instance of the EVMMockBlockchain class.

### Returns

- `EVMMockBlockchain`: An instance of the EVMMockBlockchain class.
```

--------------------------------

### Install @ethereumjs/blockchain

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/blockchain/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/blockchain package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/blockchain
```

--------------------------------

### Install EthereumJS Transaction

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/README.md

Install the latest version of the @ethereumjs/tx package using npm.

```shell
npm install @ethereumjs/tx
```

--------------------------------

### Combine Add State and Snapsync in Single Step

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/test/sim/snapsync.md

Combines the steps of adding state and running Snapsync into a single command. This is useful for streamlining the simulation setup and testing process.

```bash
rm -rf ./datadir; EXTERNAL_RUN=true SNAP_SYNC=true DEBUG_SNAP=client:* DATADIR=/usr/app/ethereumjs/packages/client/data npx vitest test/sim/snapsync.spec.ts
```

--------------------------------

### JSON-RPC Response Example for Eth GetBlockByNumber

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Example of a successful JSON-RPC response for the `eth_getBlockByNumber` method.

```json
{
  "jsonrpc": "2.0",
  "id": "1",
  "result": {
    "number": "0x1b4",
    "hash": "0xdc0818cf78f21a8e70579cb46a43643f78291264dda342ae31049421c82d21ae",
    "parentHash": "0xe99e022112df268087ea7eafaf4790497fd21dbeeb6bd7a1721df161a6657a54",
    "nonce": "0x689056015818adbe",
    "sha3Uncles": "0x1dcc4de8dec75d7aab85b567b6ccd41ad312451b948a7413f0a142fd40d49347",
    "logsBloom": "0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000",
    "transactionsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
    "stateRoot": "0xddc8b0234c2e0cad087c8b389aa7ef01f7d79b2570bccb77ce48648aa61c904d",
    "receiptsRoot": "0x56e81f171bcc55a6ff8345e692c0f86e5b48e01b996cadc001622fb5e363b421",
    "miner": "0xbb7b8287f3f0a933474a79eae42cbca977791171",
    "difficulty": "0x4ea3f27bc",
    "totalDifficulty": "0x78ed983323d",
    "extraData": "0x476574682f4c5649562f76312e302e302f6c696e75782f676f312e342e32",
    "size": "0x747",
    "gasLimit": "0x1388",
    "gasUsed": "0x0",
    "timestamp": "0x55ba467c",
    "transactions": [],
    "uncles": []
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### FeeMarket1559Tx Constructor

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/tx/docs/classes/FeeMarket1559Tx.md

Initializes a new FeeMarket1559Tx instance. It's recommended to use static factory methods instead of direct instantiation.

```APIDOC
## new FeeMarket1559Tx(txData, opts)

### Description

This constructor takes the values, validates them, assigns them and freezes the object. It is not recommended to use this constructor directly. Instead use the static factory methods to assist in creating a Transaction object from varying data types.

### Parameters

#### txData

- **txData** (`FeeMarketEIP1559TxData`) - Description of txData

#### opts

- **opts** (`TxOptions`) - Optional, defaults to `{}`

### Returns

- `FeeMarket1559Tx` - A new FeeMarket1559Tx instance.
```

--------------------------------

### Install Dependencies for LevelDB Integration

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/mpt/UPGRADING.md

Installs exact versions of required packages for LevelDB integration to prevent supply chain attacks.

```shell
npm i @ethereumjs/trie @ethereumjs/util abstract-level level memory-level --save-exact
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate and Use SimpleStateManager

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/statemanager/README.md

Demonstrates how to instantiate SimpleStateManager and use its putAccount and getAccount methods. Ensure @ethereumjs/util is installed for account and address creation.

```typescript
// ./examples/simple.ts

import { Account, createAddressFromPrivateKey, randomBytes } from '@ethereumjs/util'

import { SimpleStateManager } from '../src/index.ts'

const main = async () => {
  const sm = new SimpleStateManager()
  const address = createAddressFromPrivateKey(randomBytes(32))
  const account = new Account(0n, 0xfffffn)
  await sm.putAccount(address, account)
  console.log(await sm.getAccount(address))
}

void main()

```

--------------------------------

### RLP CLI Decoding Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/rlp/README.md

Example of using the RLP CLI to decode a 0x-prefixed hex string into its original JSON representation.

```shell
rlp decode 0xc88363617483646f67
```

--------------------------------

### RLPx Class Constructor

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/devp2p/docs/classes/RLPx.md

Initializes a new RLPx instance with a private key and options.

```APIDOC
## new RLPx()

### Description
Initializes a new RLPx instance.

### Method
`new`

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
None

#### Query Parameters
None

#### Request Body
None

### Parameters
- **privateKey** (Uint8Array) - The private key for the RLPx instance.
- **options** (RLPxOptions) - Configuration options for the RLPx instance.

### Request Example
```javascript
const privateKey = new Uint8Array([...]);
const options = { ... }; // RLPxOptions object
const rlpx = new RLPx(privateKey, options);
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns the initialized RLPx instance.

#### Response Example
```javascript
// RLPx instance
```
```

--------------------------------

### CLI Autocompletion Example

Source: https://github.com/ethereumjs/ethereumjs-monorepo/blob/master/packages/client/README.md

Example of how CLI autocompletion appears after configuration and terminal restart/sourcing. Pressing 'tab' after '--d' shows available parameters.

```shell
dist/bin/cli.js --d
```