### begin() usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Creates a DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM_SINGLE instance on pin 9 and calls begin() in setup().

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM_SINGLE pwm(9);
void setup() {
  pwm.begin();
}
```

--------------------------------

### GP8600 I2C setup example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Initializes a GP8600 I2C at address 0x58, sets output range to 12V, and writes full-scale 16-bit data.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8600_I2C gp8600(&Wire, 0x58);
void setup() {
  while (gp8600.begin() != 0) { delay(1000); }
  gp8600.setDACOutRange(gp8600.eOutputRange12V);
  gp8600.setDACOutData(65535);          // 16-bit full scale
}
```

--------------------------------

### Dual-channel GP8501 setup example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Example of initializing a dual-channel GP8501 device. Creates a DFRobot_GP8501 object with pins 9 and 10, then in setup() calls begin() and setDACOutVoltage(255, 2) to set both channels to full scale.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8501 gp8501(9, 10);    // dual-channel GP8501
void setup() {
  gp8501.begin();
  gp8501.setDACOutVoltage(255, 2);   // both channels at full scale
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8403 setup example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Initializes a GP8403 at address 0x58, sets output range to 5V, outputs 2000 mV on channel 2, and stores the voltage for power-loss recovery.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403(0x58);
void setup() {
  while (gp8403.begin() != 0) {
    Serial.println("Communication with the device failed.");
    delay(1000);
  }
  gp8403.setDACOutRange(gp8403.eOutputRange5V);
  gp8403.setDACOutVoltage(2000, 2);
  delay(1000);
  gp8403.store();   // persist the last voltage for power-loss recovery
}
```

--------------------------------

### Single-channel GP8101 setup example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Example of initializing a single-channel GP8101 device built from the same base. Creates a DFRobot_GP8101 object with pin 9, then in setup() calls begin() and setDACOutVoltage(255) to set channel 0 only.

```cpp
// Single-channel device built from the same base
DFRobot_GP8101 gp8101(9);
void setup() {
  gp8101.begin();
  gp8101.setDACOutVoltage(255);      // channel 0 only
}
```

--------------------------------

### Arduino configuration example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/configuration.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8403, DFRobot_GP8600_I2C, and DFRobot_GP8501 objects with default device addresses and bus settings. Use this as a starting point for Arduino projects.

```cpp
// Arduino: selected default device & Wire bus
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403(0x58);
DFRobot_GP8600_I2C gp8600(&Wire, 0x5A, RESOLUTION_16_BIT);
DFRobot_GP8501 gp8501(9, 10);     // PWM, two channels
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8501 DAC initialization and begin example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate a DFRobot_GP8501 DAC object with pins 17 and 18, then call begin() to initialize. This is the typical setup before setting output voltage.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8501(pin0=17, pin1=18)
DAC.begin()
```

--------------------------------

### Python configuration example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/configuration.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8403 and DFRobot_GP8600_PWM objects on a Raspberry Pi using BCM pins and software I2C. Use this as a starting point for Python projects.

```python
# Raspberry Pi (BCM pins, software I2C)
DAC = DFRobot_GP8403(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x58)
PWM = DFRobot_GP8600_PWM(pin0=13)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8512 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Shows basic usage: create a DFRobot_GP8512 object, call begin() in setup, and set a raw 15-bit voltage value on channel 0.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8512 gp8512;
void setup() {
  gp8512.begin();
  gp8512.setDACOutVoltage(2000);      // channel 0, raw 15-bit value
}
```

--------------------------------

### Basic usage of begin() with DFRobot_GP8403

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-dfrobot-gp8xxx.md

Shows basic usage of begin() through a concrete product class. Creates a DFRobot_GP8403 object and calls begin() in setup().

```cpp
// Basic usage through a concrete product class
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403();
void setup() {
  gp8403.begin();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Clamping example for set_dac_out_voltage

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Example showing that values above the resolution are clamped and never sent to the chip.

```python
# Clamping: values above the resolution are never sent
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(100000)    # clamped to _resolution (e.g. 4095)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8413 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Creates a DFRobot_GP8413 object with address 0x5A, initializes it in setup, and sets DAC output voltage to 2000 mV on channel 2.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8413 gp8413(0x5A);          // address selected by the module's A0/A1/A2 jumpers
void setup() {
  while (gp8413.begin() != 0) { delay(1000); }
  gp8413.setDACOutVoltage(2000, 2);
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8600_PWM usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8600_PWM on pin 9, call begin(), and set DAC output data to 255.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8600_PWM gp8600(9);
void setup() {
  gp8600.begin();
  gp8600.setDACOutData(255);
}
```

--------------------------------

### Instantiate DFRobot_GP8403 with BCM pins

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Shows a typical wiring example for the GP8403 module using BCM-encoded pins. This is the shipped example.

```python
# BCM-encoded pins for a typical wiring; the shipped GP8403 example sets
DAC = DFRobot_GP8403(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x58)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8503 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the GP8503 DAC, calls begin(), and sets output voltage to 4095 on channel 2.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8503(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(4095, 2)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8600_PWM usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate a DFRobot_GP8600_PWM object, initialize it, and set the DAC output data to 100 (duty cycle percent).

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8600_PWM(pin0=13)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_out_data(100)
```

--------------------------------

### begin() usage with error checking

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-base.md

Example of using begin() with a DFRobot_GP8403 instance. The if statement checks the return value; a non-zero result means the probe failed, indicating the device is absent or the address is wrong. Use this pattern to verify the module is reachable before proceeding.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403();
void setup() {
  if (gp8403.begin() != 0) {
    // probe failed — device absent or wrong address
  }
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8512 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the GP8512 DAC and sets a raw 15-bit output voltage of 2000.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8512(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(2000)   # raw 15-bit value
```

--------------------------------

### Persist voltage with store()

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Example call to persist the current voltage in the chip using the store() method.

```python
DAC.store()   # persist the current voltage in the chip
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM.begin

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the PWM hardware. Sets the GPIO mode to BCM, configures the specified pins as outputs, and starts PWM at 100 Hz with a 0% duty cycle.

```APIDOC
## DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM.begin

### Description
Initializes the PWM function. Sets the GPIO mode to BCM, configures each enabled pin as an output, and starts PWM at 100 Hz with an initial duty cycle of 0%.

### Method
begin

### Parameters
None

### Return Value
- **int** - Always returns 1.

### Request Example
```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8501(pin0=17, pin1=18)
DAC.begin()
```
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate the DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM on pin 13, begin communication, and set DAC output data to 85.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM(pin0=13)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_out_data(85)
```

--------------------------------

### setDACOutData() usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Creates a DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM_SINGLE instance on pin 9, calls begin(), then sets output to 255 (full scale on Arduino Uno).

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM_SINGLE pwm(9);
void setup() {
  pwm.begin();
  pwm.setDACOutData(255);        // full scale on Arduino Uno
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8403 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the GP8403 DAC, waits for begin() to succeed, sets output range to 10V, sets output voltage to 2000 on channel 2, and stores the configuration.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8403(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x58)
while DAC.begin() != 0:
    print("Communication with the device failed. Please check the connection.")
    time.sleep(1)
DAC.set_dac_outrange(DAC.OUTPUT_RANGE_10V)
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(2000, 2)
DAC.store()
```

--------------------------------

### startSignal() and stopSignal()

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-base.md

Software I2C bus start and stop handshake.

```APIDOC
## startSignal() and stopSignal()

### Description
Software-I2C bus start/stop handshake using `_scl`/`_sda` with `I2C_CYCLE_*` microsecond timings. These are protected members for subclasses.

### Signatures
```cpp
void startSignal(void);
void stopSignal(void);
```

### Parameters
None.

### Return Type
`void`
```

--------------------------------

### Arduino C++ include and instantiation

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/README.md

Shows how to include the DFRobot_GP8XXX.h header and instantiate I2C and PWM product classes. The I2C product (GP8403) uses the default I2C address, while the PWM product (GP8101) requires a PWM pin number (9 in this example).

```cpp
#include <DFRobot_GP8XXX.h>
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403();   // I2C product
DFRobot_GP8101 gp8101(9);  // PWM product
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8503 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Shows how to instantiate and use DFRobot_GP8503. Calls begin() and setDACOutVoltage() with 12-bit full scale (4095) on both channels.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8503 gp8503();
void setup() {
  gp8503.begin();
  gp8503.setDACOutVoltage(4095, 2);   // 12-bit full scale, both channels
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8413 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the GP8413 DAC with a custom address, waits for begin() to succeed, then sets output voltage to 2000 on channel 2.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8413(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x5A)
while DAC.begin() != 0:
    time.sleep(1)
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(2000, 2)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8101 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8101 on pin 9, begin communication, and set output voltage to 200 (about 78% duty cycle).

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8101 gp8101(9);
void setup() {
  gp8101.begin();
  gp8101.setDACOutVoltage(200);   // ~78% duty cycle
}
```

--------------------------------

### Set DAC voltage on both channels

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Example call to set the DAC voltage on both channels using channel parameter 2.

```python
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(2000, 2)   # both channels
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8101S usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8101S on pin 9, begin communication, and set output voltage to 255 (full scale 0-5V or 0-10V depending on module switch).

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8101S gp8101s(9);
void setup() {
  gp8101s.begin();
  gp8101s.setDACOutVoltage(255);   // full scale 0-5V or 0-10V per the module switch
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8211S usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Initializes the GP8211S DAC, sets output range to 5V, and sets output voltage to 32767.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8211S(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_outrange(DAC.OUTPUT_RANGE_5V)
DAC.set_dac_out_voltage(32767)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8600_I2C usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8600_I2C with I2C pins 17 and 27, wait for the module to be ready, set the output range to 12V, and write a 16-bit full-scale value of 65535.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8600_I2C(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x58)
while DAC.begin() != 0:
    time.sleep(1)
DAC.set_dac_outrange(DAC.OUTPUT_RANGE_12V)
DAC.set_dac_out_data(65535)   # 16-bit full scale
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8211S usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Shows how to instantiate and use DFRobot_GP8211S. Initializes serial, retries begin() until I2C probe passes, sets output range to 5V, and sets 15-bit full scale voltage.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8211S gp8211s;
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (gp8211s.begin() != 0) { delay(1000); }   // retry until I2C probe passes
  gp8211s.setDACOutRange(gp8211s.eOutputRange5V);
  gp8211s.setDACOutVoltage(32767);                // 15-bit full scale
}
```

--------------------------------

### Usage example for DFRobot_GP8630N_I2C DAC

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8630N_I2C with I2C pins 17 and 27, begin communication, set the output range to 0-20mA, and write a DAC data value of 65535.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8630N_I2C(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_outrange(DAC.OUTPUT_RANGE_20MA)
DAC.set_dac_out_data(65535)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8302 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8302 with I2C pins 17 and 27, begin communication, and set a 12-bit current output value of 2048.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8302(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27)
DAC.begin()
DAC.set_dac_out_electric_current(2048)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM usage example with 4-20 mA comment

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Shows how to instantiate DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM on pin 9, call begin(), and set DAC output data to 212. Includes a comment about 4-20 mA over 0-255 pulse width on a 24 mA-configured GP8630N.

```cpp
// 4-20 mA over 0-255 pulse width on a 24 mA-configured GP8630N:
// GP8630N.setDACOutData(max(data*0.83, 42.5));  (per the shipped example comment)
DFRobot_GP8630N_PWM gp8630n(9);
void setup() {
  gp8630n.begin();
  gp8630n.setDACOutData(212);
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM class definition

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-products.md

Defines the DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM class with __init__, begin, and set_dac_out_voltage methods. The begin method initializes GPIO in BCM mode, sets up PWM at 100 Hz, and starts with 0% duty cycle. set_dac_out_voltage clamps data to 0-100 and applies duty cycle to selected channels.

```python
class DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM(DFRobot_GP8XXX):

  def __init__(self,pin0=-1,pin1=-1):
    '''!
      @brief PWM class initialization
      @param pin 0 PWM channel 0 corresponds to the pin
      @param pin corresponding to pin1 PWM channel 1
    '''
    self._pin0 = pin0
    self._pin1 = pin1

  def begin(self):
    '''!
      @brief Initialize the function
      @return 0
    '''
    GPIO.setwarnings(False)  # Block warnings
    GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)   # Set the pin mode BCM
    if self._pin0 != -1 :
      GPIO.setup(self._pin0, GPIO.OUT)  # Set pin R0 direction output
      self._PWM0 = GPIO.PWM(self._pin0, 100)
      self._PWM0.start(0)
    if self._pin1 != -1 :
      GPIO.setup(self._pin1, GPIO.OUT)  # Set pin R1 direction output
      self._PWM1 = GPIO.PWM(self._pin1,100)
      self._PWM1.start(0)
    return 1

  def set_dac_out_voltage(self, data, channel=0):
    '''!
      @brief Set different channel output DAC values
      @param data pwm pulse width
      @param channel output channel
      @n 0: Channel 0 (valid when PWM0 output is configured)
      @n 1: Channel 1 (effective when PWM1 output is configured)
      @n 2: All channels (valid when configuring dual channel outputs)
      @return NONE
    '''
    if data > 100:
      data = 100
    if data < 0:
      data = 0
    if (channel == 0) and (self._pin0 != -1) :
      self._PWM0.ChangeDutyCycle(data)
    elif (channel == 1) and (self._pin1 != -1) :
      self._PWM1.ChangeDutyCycle(data)
    elif (channel == 2) and (self._pin0 != -1) and (self._pin1 != -1) :
      self._PWM0.ChangeDutyCycle(data)
      self._PWM1.ChangeDutyCycle(data)
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8XXX::begin()

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-dfrobot-gp8xxx.md

Pure virtual initialization function. Must be implemented by subclasses. Returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure.

```APIDOC
## begin()

### Description
Initialization function for the GP8XXX device. Pure virtual; implemented by subclasses.

### Method
begin()

### Parameters
None

### Return Value
- **int** - 0 on success; non-zero indicates failure (implementation-dependent).

### Throws
Never throws; failures are returned.

### Example
```cpp
// Basic usage through a concrete product class
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403();
void setup() {
  gp8403.begin();
}
```

```cpp
// Error handling: retry until the I2C probe succeeds
DFRobot_GP8413 gp8413(0x58);
void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  while (gp8413.begin() != 0) {
    Serial.println("Communication with the device failed. Check connection or device address.");
    delay(1000);
  }
}
```
```

--------------------------------

### int begin(void)

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-base.md

Initializes the I2C communication and probes the device address. Returns 0 on success, non-zero on failure.

```APIDOC
## Method: int begin(void)

### Description
Probes the I2C device at the configured address to verify communication. Returns 0 if the device is present and communication is successful, non-zero otherwise.

### Method
begin

### Signature
cpp
int begin(void);


### Parameters
None

### Return Value
- **int** - Result of the final `Wire.endTransmission()` probe to `_deviceAddr`: `0` = success, non-zero = failure (implementation `DFRobot_GP8XXX.cpp:14-19`).

### Throws
Never throws.

### Example
cpp
DFRobot_GP8403 gp8403();
void setup() {
  if (gp8403.begin() != 0) {
    // probe failed — device absent or wrong address
  }
}

```

--------------------------------

### Initialize GP8403 and retry until acknowledged

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Calls begin() in a loop, retrying while the return value is non-zero. Prints a failure message and sleeps 1 second between attempts.

```python
DAC = DFRobot_GP8403(i2c_sda=17, i2c_scl=27, i2c_addr=0x58)
while DAC.begin() != 0:
    print("Communication with the device failed. Check the connection.")
    time.sleep(1)
```

--------------------------------

### GP8630N I2C usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Example usage of the DFRobot_GP8630N_I2C class: creates an instance, initializes it, sets the output range to 0-20mA, and writes a DAC value of 65535.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8630N_I2C gp8630n(&Wire, 0x58);
void setup() {
  while (gp8630n.begin() != 0) { delay(1000); }
  gp8630n.setDACOutRange(gp8630n.eOutputRange20MA);
  gp8630n.setDACOutData(65535);
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8403::begin()

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Initializes communication with the GP8403 device. Returns 0 on success and non-zero on failure.

```APIDOC
## DFRobot_GP8403::begin()

### Description
Initializes communication with the GP8403 device. Returns 0 on success and non-zero on failure.

### Method
begin()

### Endpoint
int begin()

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```cpp
while (gp8403.begin() != 0) {
  Serial.println("Communication with the device failed.");
  delay(1000);
}
```

### Response
#### Success Response (0)
- **return** (int) - 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
```

--------------------------------

### begin() method signature

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Signature for the begin() method. It takes no parameters and returns an int acknowledgement signal.

```python
  def begin(self):
```

--------------------------------

### begin() method declaration

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-pwm-classes.md

Declares the begin() method. Returns int, always 0. Initializes the pin and sets PWM resolution.

```cpp
int begin();
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8302 usage example

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Creates a DFRobot_GP8302 object, initializes it, and sets the DAC output electric current to mid-scale (2048).

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8302 gp8302;
void setup() {
  gp8302.begin();
  gp8302.setDACOutElectricCurrent(2048);   // mid-scale current value
}
```

--------------------------------

### DFRobot_GP8600_I2C::begin()

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-products.md

Initializes communication with the GP8600 device. Re-exported from the base class.

```APIDOC
## DFRobot_GP8600_I2C::begin()

### Description
Initializes communication with the GP8600 device. Re-exported from the base class.

### Method
begin()

### Endpoint
int begin()

### Parameters
None

### Request Example
```cpp
while (gp8600.begin() != 0) { delay(1000); }
```

### Response
#### Success Response (0)
- **return** (int) - 0 on success, non-zero on failure.
```

--------------------------------

### setDACOutRange() usage with GP8403

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-base.md

Example of setting the output range to 0-5V on a GP8403 module using the eOutputRange5V enum value.

```cpp
GP8403.setDACOutRange(GP8403.eOutputRange5V);   // 0-5 V
```

--------------------------------

### begin() pure virtual declaration

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-dfrobot-gp8xxx.md

The pure virtual begin() method returns an int, contractually 0 on success. It never throws; failures are returned. Implemented by DFRobot_GP8XXX_IIC::begin() and DFRobot_GP8XXX_PWM::begin().

```cpp
virtual int begin(void) =0;
```

--------------------------------

### Import pattern for DFRobot_GP8XXX

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/python-core.md

Import pattern used by the shipped examples to add the parent directory to sys.path and import the DFRobot_GP8XXX module.

```python
import sys, os
sys.path.append(os.path.dirname(os.path.dirname(os.path.realpath(__file__))))
from DFRobot_GP8XXX import *
```

--------------------------------

### setDACOutVoltage() usage with GP8413

Source: https://github.com/dfrobot/dfrobot_gp8xxx/blob/master/_autodocs/api-reference/arduino-iic-base.md

Example of setting DAC output voltage on a GP8413 module with 15-bit resolution. The value 40000 is clamped internally to 32767.

```cpp
DFRobot_GP8413 gp8413(0x58);      // 15-bit resolution
void setup() {
  gp8413.begin();
  gp8413.setDACOutVoltage(40000);     // clamped internally to 32767
}
```