### Load Libraries and Create CDM Reference

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Loads necessary R libraries and creates a mock CDM reference for testing purposes. For real database connections, refer to CDMConnector documentation.

```r
library(DrugUtilisation)
library(dplyr)
library(CDMConnector)

cdm <- mockDrugUtilisation(numberIndividual = 100, source = "duckdb")
```

--------------------------------

### Add Initial Daily Dose with Missing Ingredient ID or Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Demonstrates the error from `addInitialDailyDose` when neither `ingredientConceptId` nor `conceptSet` is supplied. The function requires at least one of these parameters.

```r
addInitialDailyDose(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Initial Quantity with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Highlights the error generated by `addInitialQuantity` when `conceptSet` is NULL. A named list of concept IDs is mandatory.

```r
addInitialQuantity(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

--------------------------------

### Generate Ingredient Cohort Set for Acetaminophen Users

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Creates a cohort of acetaminophen users by concatenating drug records with less than 7 days gap. Filters for the first drug entry per person and requires at least 30 days of prior observation.

```r
cdm <- generateIngredientCohortSet(
  cdm = cdm,
  name = "dus_cohort",
  ingredient = "acetaminophen",
  gapEra = 7
)
cdm$dus_cohort |>
  requireIsFirstDrugEntry() |>
  requireObservationBeforeDrug(days = 30)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Days Exposed with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Illustrates the error when `addDaysExposed` is used without a valid `conceptSet`. A named list of concept IDs is required.

```r
addDaysExposed(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL, gapEra = 1)
```

--------------------------------

### Create Indication Cohorts

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Defines and generates cohorts for specific indications like headache and influenza. These are used to categorize patients based on their medical conditions.

```r
indications <- list(headache = 378253, influenza = 4266367)
cdm <- generateConceptCohortSet(
  cdm = cdm,
  conceptSet = indications,
  name = "indications_cohort"
)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Time to Exposure with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Shows the error message when `addTimeToExposure` is called with a NULL `conceptSet`. The function expects a named list of concept IDs.

```r
addTimeToExposure(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Number of Eras with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Demonstrates the error when `addNumberEras` is called with a NULL `conceptSet`. The `conceptSet` must be a named list of concept IDs.

```r
addNumberEras(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL, gapEra = 1)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Drug Utilization with Missing Ingredient ID or Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Illustrates the error when `addDrugUtilisation` is called without providing `ingredientConceptId` or `conceptSet`. One of these is mandatory for the function to execute.

```r
addDrugUtilisation(cdm$dus_cohort, gapEra = 1)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Number of Exposures with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Illustrates the error when `addNumberExposures` is called with a NULL `conceptSet`. A named list of concept IDs is required for this function.

```r
addNumberExposures(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

--------------------------------

### Summarise Indications

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Summarizes the indications for a given cohort, specifying the indication cohort name and the time window relative to the index date. Requires the 'condition_occurrence' table for unknown indications.

```r
indication_summary <- cdm$dus_cohort |
  summariseIndication(
    indicationCohortName = "indications_cohort",
    unknownIndicationTable = "condition_occurrence",
    indicationWindow = list(c(-30, 0))
  )
indication_summary |> glimpse()
```

--------------------------------

### Summarise Drug Utilisation

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Calculates a summary of drug utilization for a specified ingredient concept ID and gap era. This provides metrics such as number of records, subjects, days exposed, and cumulative dose.

```r
drug_utilisation_summary <- cdm$dus_cohort |
  summariseDrugUtilisation(
    ingredientConceptId = 1125315,
    gapEra = 7
  )
drug_utilisation_summary |> glimpse()
```

```r
table(drug_utilisation_summary$variable_name)
```

--------------------------------

### Add Cumulative Quantity with NULL Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Demonstrates the error from `addCumulativeQuantity` when `conceptSet` is not provided. The function requires a named list of concept IDs.

```r
addCumulativeQuantity(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

--------------------------------

### Combine and Suppress Drug Utilization Results in R

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/README.md

Combines results from indication and drug utilization summaries and suppresses counts less than 5. Use this to prepare data for sharing.

```r
results <- bind(
  indication_summary,
  drug_utilisation_summary
) |>
  suppress(minCellCount = 5)
results |> glimpse()
#> Rows: 84
#> Columns: 13
#> $ result_id        <int> 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,…
#> $ cdm_name         <chr> "DUS MOCK", "DUS MOCK", "DUS MOCK", "DUS MOCK", "DUS …
#> $ group_name       <chr> "cohort_name", "cohort_name", "cohort_name", "cohort_…
#> $ group_level      <chr> "acetaminophen", "acetaminophen", "acetaminophen", "a…
#> $ strata_name      <chr> "overall", "overall", "overall", "overall", "overall"…
#> $ strata_level     <chr> "overall", "overall", "overall", "overall", "overall"…
#> $ variable_name    <chr> "Indication from 30 days before to the index date", "…
#> $ variable_level   <chr> "headache", "headache", "influenza", "influenza", "he…
#> $ estimate_name    <chr> "count", "percentage", "count", "percentage", "count"…
#> $ estimate_type    <chr> "integer", "percentage", "integer", "percentage", "in…
#> $ estimate_value   <chr> "10", "17.5438596491228", "11", "19.2982456140351", "…
#> $ additional_name  <chr> "window_name", "window_name", "window_name", "window_…
#> $ additional_level <chr> "-30 to 0", "-30 to 0", "-30 to 0", "-30 to 0", "-30 …
```

--------------------------------

### Add Cumulative Dose with Missing Ingredient ID or Concept Set

Source: https://github.com/darwin-eu/drugutilisation/blob/main/tests/testthat/_snaps/addDrugUtilisation.md

Shows the error message when `addCumulativeDose` is called without specifying either `ingredientConceptId` or `conceptSet`. One of these must be provided.

```r
addCumulativeDose(cdm$dus_cohort, NULL)
```

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