### Example: Install DOCA-OFED for Generic Kernel Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/install-doca-ofed.md Example command to install the DOCA-OFED metapackage for a generic kernel flavor, based on the output of `uname -r`. ```bash sudo apt install -y doca-ofed-generic ``` -------------------------------- ### Example apt install output Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md This output shows the details of a package installation, including dependencies, suggested packages, and disk space requirements. It prompts for user confirmation before proceeding. ```text Installing: apache2 Installing dependencies: apache2-bin libapr1t64 libaprutil1t64 apache2-data libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 liblua5.4-0 apache2-utils libaprutil1-ldap ssl-cert Suggested packages: apache2-doc apache2-suexec-pristine | apache2-suexec-custom www-browser Summary: Upgrading: 0, Installing: 10, Removing: 0, Not Upgrading: 0 Download size: 2116 kB Space needed: 8218 kB / 1328 MB available Continue? [Y/n] ``` -------------------------------- ### Full SSH Login Example Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/interactive-live-server-installation-on-ibm-z-lpar-s390x.md This example demonstrates the complete SSH login process, including host key verification and password entry, to access the Ubuntu installer remotely. ```bash user@workstation:~$ ssh installer@10.222.111.11 The authenticity of host '10.222.111.11 (10.222.111.11)' can't be established. ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:P+hBF3fj/pu6+0KaywUYii3Lyuc09Za9/a2elCDOgdE. Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes Warning: Permanently added '10.222.111.11' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts. installer@10.222.111.11's password: C7BZrW76s4mJzmpf4eUy ``` -------------------------------- ### Example: Install xserver-xorg-core Debug Symbols Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/debugging/debug-symbol-packages.md Demonstrates how to install the debug symbol package for the 'xserver-xorg-core' package. This specific command installs the '-dbgsym' variant. ```bash sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-core-dbgsym ``` -------------------------------- ### Interactively Running a Backup Job Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/backups/install-bacula.md Example session showing the prompts and user responses required to start a backup job. ```text *run Using Catalog "MyCatalog" A job name must be specified. The defined Job resources are: 1: HomeBackup 2: BackupCatalog 3: RestoreFiles Select Job resource (1-3): 1 Run Backup job JobName: HomeBackup Level: Incremental Client: bacula-server-fd FileSet: Home Set Pool: File (From Job resource) Storage: FileBackup (From Job resource) When: 2025-10-20 20:21:03 Priority: 10 OK to run? (Yes/mod/no): yes Job queued. JobId=7 ``` -------------------------------- ### Copy Sample Server Configuration Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/security/install-openvpn.md Copies the example server configuration file to the OpenVPN directory. This is the starting point for your server configuration. ```bash sudo cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn/examples/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn/myserver.conf ``` -------------------------------- ### Install CUPS Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/cups-print-server.md Installs the CUPS printing system and its dependencies. The server starts automatically after installation. ```bash sudo apt install cups ``` -------------------------------- ### Initialize and Start DRBD Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/high-availability/install-drbd.md Initialize metadata and start the DRBD service on both hosts. ```bash sudo drbdadm create-md r0 ``` ```bash sudo systemctl start drbd.service ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Apache2 with Suggested Packages Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md Install a package and include suggested dependencies by using the `--install-suggests` flag. Be aware this can significantly increase installation size and space requirements. ```bash sudo apt install apache2 --install-suggests ``` -------------------------------- ### Select Software to Install Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-lpar-autoinstall-s390x.md The boot file selection for the LPAR installation. ```bash ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04/boot/ubuntu_zlinlpar.ins Ubuntu for z Series (default kernel) ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Cloud-Image-Utils Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/intel-tdx.md Install the cloud-image-utils package required for creating cloud-init configurations. ```bash sudo apt install cloud-image-utils ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Ubuntu Pro Client Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/attach-your-ubuntu-pro-subscription.md Installs or upgrades the Ubuntu Pro Client package. This is a prerequisite for attaching your subscription if it's not already installed. ```bash sudo apt update && sudo apt install ubuntu-pro-client ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Packages Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md Install one or more deb packages using the `apt install` command. Provide a space-separated list of package names after the install command. Use `sudo` for system-wide installations. ```bash sudo apt install ``` -------------------------------- ### Enable and Start WireGuard Interface (Beta Site) Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/wireguard-vpn/site-to-site.md Enables the WireGuard interface 'wgB' to start automatically on boot and starts it immediately using systemd. This ensures the VPN connection is persistent. ```bash $ sudo systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wgB ``` -------------------------------- ### Prepare Ubuntu Server Install Server Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-lpar-autoinstall-s390x.md Connect to the install server via SSH, create a directory for the Ubuntu daily live ISO, and download it. ```bash user@local:~$ ssh admin@installserver.local admin@installserver:~$ mkdir -p /srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04 admin@installserver:~$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/focal/daily-live/current/focal-live-server-s390x.iso --directory-prefix=/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04 --2020-06-26 12:18:48-- http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/focal/daily-live/current/focal-live-server-s390x.iso Resolving cdimage.ubuntu.com (cdimage.ubuntu.com)... 2001:67c:1560:8001::1d, 2001:67c:1360:8001::28, 2001:67c:1360:8001::27, ... Connecting to cdimage.ubuntu.com (cdimage.ubuntu.com)|2001:67c:1560:8001::1d|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 700952576 (668M) [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘focal-live-server-s390x.iso’ focal-live-server-s 100%[===================>] 668.48M 2.73MB/s in 4m 54s 2020-06-26 12:23:42 (2.27 MB/s) - ‘focal-live-server-s390x.iso’ saved [700952576/700952576] admin@installserver:~$ ``` -------------------------------- ### Install MySQL server Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/databases/install-mysql.md Installs the MySQL server package from the default repositories. ```bash sudo apt install mysql-server ``` -------------------------------- ### Create files and directories with arguments Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/welcome-to-the-terminal.md Demonstrates the syntax for creating files and directories using `touch` and `mkdir` commands, including how to specify multiple files or folders. ```bash touch FILE(S) touch # Create one file touch # Create more than one file mkdir FOLDER(S) mkdir # To create one folder mkdir # To create more than one folder ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Prometheus and Alertmanager Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/observability/set-up-your-lma-stack.md Installs Prometheus and Alertmanager using snap packages. These snaps automatically configure and start the services. ```bash monitor:~# snap install prometheus monitor:~# snap install prometheus-alertmanager ``` -------------------------------- ### Prepare the FTP install server Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-vm-autoinstall-s390x.md Download the Ubuntu Server ISO image to the FTP server directory. ```bash user@local:~$ ssh admin@installserver.local admin@installserver:~$ mkdir -p /srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04 admin@installserver:~$ wget http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/focal/daily-live/current/focal-live-server-s390x.iso --directory-prefix=/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04 --2020-06-26 12:18:48-- http://cdimage.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-server/focal/daily-live/current/focal-live-server-s390x.iso Resolving cdimage.ubuntu.com (cdimage.ubuntu.com)... 2001:67c:1560:8001::1d, 2001:67c:1360:8001::28, 2001:67c:1360:8001::27, ... Connecting to cdimage.ubuntu.com (cdimage.ubuntu.com)|2001:67c:1560:8001::1d|:80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 700952576 (668M) [application/x-iso9660-image] Saving to: ‘focal-live-server-s390x.iso’ focal-live-server-s 100%[===================>] 668.48M 2.73MB/s in 4m 54s 2020-06-26 12:23:42 (2.27 MB/s) - ‘focal-live-server-s390x.iso’ saved [700952576/700952576] admin@installserver:~$ ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Optional GPSD Tools Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/serve-ntp-with-chrony.md Installs additional tools for testing and debugging GPSD setups, including PPS signal verification. ```bash sudo apt install pps-tools gpsd-clients ``` -------------------------------- ### Install PostgreSQL Documentation Package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/databases/install-postgresql.md Installs the postgresql-doc package on Ubuntu, which provides comprehensive manual pages and the upstream HTML guide for PostgreSQL. ```bash sudo apt install postgresql-doc ``` -------------------------------- ### Select Ubuntu Server Installation Entry Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/how-to-start-a-live-server-installation-on-ibm-power-ppc64el-with-a-virtual-cd-rom-and-petitboot.md After configuring Petitboot, select the 'Install Ubuntu Server' option from the boot menu, typically listed below the CD/DVD entry. ```text [CD/DVD: sr0 / 2020-03-23-08-02-42-00] * Install Ubuntu Server ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Extra Munin Plugins Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/observability/install-munin.md Install the `munin-plugins-extra` package to add more performance checks and support for additional services like DNS, DHCP, and Samba. This package is recommended for a comprehensive monitoring setup and should be installed on both the server and node machines. ```bash sudo apt install munin-plugins-extra ``` -------------------------------- ### Initialize autoinstall meta-data Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-vm-autoinstall-s390x.md Create the meta-data file for the autoinstall server. ```bash admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ mkdir -p /srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ cd /srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest$ admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest$ echo "instance-id: $(uuidgen || openssl rand -base64 8)" > meta-data admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest$ cat meta-data instance-id: 2c2215fb-6a38-417f-b72f-376b1cc44f01 admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zvmguest$ ``` -------------------------------- ### Enable and Start WireGuard Interface (Alpha Site) Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/wireguard-vpn/site-to-site.md Enables the WireGuard interface 'wgA' to start automatically on boot and starts it immediately using systemd. This ensures the VPN connection is persistent. ```bash $ sudo systemctl enable --now wg-quick@wgA ``` -------------------------------- ### ping Command Output Example Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/install-dns.md Example output from the 'ping' command, showing successful resolution of 'ns.example.com' to an IP address and the start of ICMP echo requests. This confirms DNS resolution is functional. ```text PING ns.example.com (192.168.1.10) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.1.10: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.800 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.1.10: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.813 ms ``` -------------------------------- ### Install virt-install Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/virtual-machine-manager.md Installs the `virt-install` package using apt. This is the first step before creating virtual machines. ```bash sudo apt install virtinst ``` -------------------------------- ### Example: Install glibc Debug Symbols (-dbg) Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/debugging/debug-symbol-packages.md Installs the debug symbol package for the 'glibc' package using the older '-dbg.deb' format. This is used for packages that do not provide symbols in the '-dbgsym.ddeb' format. ```bash sudo apt-get install libc6-dbg ``` -------------------------------- ### Install QEMU/KVM Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/qemu.md Install the QEMU system emulator and KVM virtualization components using apt. This command ensures you have the necessary packages to run virtual machines. ```bash sudo apt-get install qemu-system ``` -------------------------------- ### Install and Configure ZFS Storage Driver Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/containers/docker-for-system-admins.md Steps to install ZFS, create a ZFS pool, and configure it as the Docker storage driver. Ensure the ZFS dataset is mounted at `/var/lib/docker` before starting the Docker daemon. ```bash $ apt install zfsutils-linux -y # Install ZFS $ fallocate -l 5G /zfs-pool.img # Create a 5GB file $ zpool create mypool /zfs-pool.img # Create a ZFS pool $ zfs create -o mountpoint=/var/lib/docker mypool/docker # Create a ZFS dataset and mount it to dockers directory, "/var/lib/docker". $ zfs list # Verify that it mounted successfully NAME USED AVAIL REFER MOUNTPOINT mypool 162K 4.36G 24K /mypool mypool/docker 39K 4.36G 39K /var/lib/docker ``` -------------------------------- ### Expose Directory with virtiofsd Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/explanation/virtualisation/qemu-microvm.md Starts the virtiofsd daemon to expose a directory to guests. Requires `virtiofsd` to be installed. ```bash $ sudo apt install virtiofsd $ /usr/libexec/virtiofsd --socket-path=/tmp/vfsd.sock --shared-dir /tmp/chiselled-hello ... [INFO virtiofsd] Waiting for vhost-user socket connection... ``` -------------------------------- ### View automatic commit output Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/backups/install-etckeeper.md Example output showing files committed by etckeeper after a package installation. ```text [master 5a16a0d] committing changes in /etc made by "apt install postfix" Author: Your Name 36 files changed, 2987 insertions(+), 4 deletions(-) create mode 100755 init.d/postfix create mode 100644 insserv.conf.d/postfix create mode 100755 network/if-down.d/postfix create mode 100755 network/if-up.d/postfix create mode 100644 postfix/dynamicmaps.cf create mode 100644 postfix/main.cf create mode 100644 postfix/main.cf.proto create mode 120000 postfix/makedefs.out create mode 100644 postfix/master.cf create mode 100644 postfix/master.cf.proto create mode 100755 postfix/post-install create mode 100644 postfix/postfix-files create mode 100755 postfix/postfix-script create mode 100755 ppp/ip-down.d/postfix create mode 100755 ppp/ip-up.d/postfix create mode 120000 rc0.d/K01postfix create mode 120000 rc1.d/K01postfix create mode 120000 rc2.d/S01postfix create mode 120000 rc3.d/S01postfix create mode 120000 rc4.d/S01postfix create mode 120000 rc5.d/S01postfix create mode 120000 rc6.d/K01postfix create mode 100755 resolvconf/update-libc.d/postfix create mode 100644 rsyslog.d/postfix.conf create mode 120000 systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/postfix.service create mode 100644 ufw/applications.d/postfix ``` -------------------------------- ### Install NVIDIA DKMS Package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/graphics/install-nvidia-drivers.md Installs the NVIDIA DKMS package, which builds kernel modules from source. This process may guide you through creating and enrolling a key for Secure Boot, but DKMS modules are not signed by Canonical's key. ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-dkms-${DRIVER_BRANCH}${SERVER} ``` -------------------------------- ### Verify provisioning output Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/samba/provision-samba-ad-controller.md Example output showing successful domain controller configuration. ```text (...) INFO ... #498: Server Role: active directory domain controller INFO ... #499: Hostname: ad INFO ... #500: NetBIOS Domain: EXAMPLE INFO ... #501: DNS Domain: example.internal INFO ... #502: DOMAIN SID: S-1-5-21-2373640847-2123283686-338028823 ``` -------------------------------- ### Execute UBUNTU REXX Script Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-vm-autoinstall-s390x.md Console output logs generated after executing the UBUNTU REXX script to start the installation. ```default UBUNTU 00: 0000004 FILES PURGED 00: RDR FILE 1254 SENT FROM zvmguest PUN WAS 1254 RECS 102K CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: RDR FILE 1258 SENT FROM zvmguest PUN WAS 1258 RECS 0003 CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: RDR FILE 1262 SENT FROM zvmguest PUN WAS 1262 RECS 303K CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: 0000003 FILES CHANGED 00: 0000003 FILES CHANGED 01: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial C PU reset from CPU 00. 02: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial C PU reset from CPU 00. 03: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial C PU reset from CPU 00. ¬ 0.403380| Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed ln: /tmp/mountroot-fail-hooks.d//scripts/init-premount/lvm2: No such file or dir ectory QETH device 0.0.0600:0.0.0601:0.0.0602 configured IP-Config: enc600 hardware address 02:28:0b:00:00:51 mtu 1500 IP-Config: enc600 guessed broadcast address 10.11.12.255 IP-Config: enc600 complete: address: 10.11.12.23 broadcast: 10.210.210.255 netmask: 255.255.255.0 gateway: 10.11.12.1 dns0 : 10.11.12.1 dns1 : 0.0.0.0 host : zvmguest rootserver: 0.0.0.0 rootpath: filename : Connecting to installserver.local:21 (10.11.12.2:21) focal-live-server-s3 2% ! ! 15.2M 0:00:48 ETA focal-live-server-s3 16% !***** ! 126M 0:00:09 ETA focal-live-server-s3 31% !********** ! 236M 0:00:06 ETA focal-live-server-s3 46% !************** ! 347M 0:00:04 ETA focal-live-server-s3 60% !******************* ! 456M 0:00:03 ETA focal-live-server-s3 74% !*********************** ! 563M 0:00:02 ETA focal-live-server-s3 88% !**************************** ! 667M 0:00:00 ETA focal-live-server-s3 100% !********************************! 752M 0:00:00 ETA mount: mounting /cow on /root/cow failed: No such file or directory Connecting to plymouth: Connection refused passwd: password expiry information changed. ¬ 16.748137| /dev/loop3: Can't open blockdev ¬ 17.908156| systemd¬1|: Failed unmounting /cdrom. ¬ ¬0;1;31mFAILED ¬0m| Failed unmounting ¬0;1;39m/cdrom ¬0m. ¬ ¬0;32m OK ¬0m| Listening on ¬0;1;39mJournal Socket ¬0m. Mounting ¬0;1;39mHuge Pages File System ¬0m... Mounting ¬0;1;39mPOSIX Message Queue File System ¬0m... Mounting ¬0;1;39mKernel Debug File System ¬0m... Starting ¬0;1;39mJournal Service ¬0m... ... [ 61.190916] cloud-init[2076]: Cloud-init v. 20.1-10-g71af48df-0ubuntu5 running 'modules:final' at Fri, 26 Jun 2020 11:02:01 +0000. Up 61.09 seconds. [ 61.191002] cloud-init[2076]: ci-info: no authorized SSH keys fingerprints fo und for user installer. [ 61.191071] cloud-init[2076]: Cloud-init v. 20.1-10-g71af48df-0ubuntu5 finished at Fri, 26 Jun 2020 11:02:01 +0000. Datasource DataSourceNoCloudNet [seed=cmdline, /var/lib/cloud/seed/nocloud, http://installserver.local:80/autoinstall/zvmguest/] [dsmode=net]. Up 61.18 seconds [ 61.191136] cloud-init[2076]: Welcome to Ubuntu Server Installer! [ 61.191202] cloud-init[2076]: Above you will find SSH host keys and a random password set for the `installer` user. You can use these credentials to ssh-in and complete the installation. If you provided SSH keys in the cloud-init datasource, they were also provisioned to the installer user. [ 61.191273] cloud-init[2076]: If you have access to the graphical console, like TTY1 or HMC ASCII terminal you can complete the installation there too. ``` -------------------------------- ### Boot VM from Live ISO Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/qemu.md This command boots a virtual machine directly from a live server ISO image. It allocates 4GB of RAM and enables KVM acceleration. For headless systems, consider specifying an alternative display method like VNC. ```bash qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4G -enable-kvm -cdrom http://releases.ubuntu.com/noble/ubuntu-24.04.3-live-server-amd64.iso ``` -------------------------------- ### Execute Ubuntu Installation Script Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/interactive-live-server-installation-on-ibm-z-vm-s390x.md Initiate the Ubuntu Server installation on the z/VM guest by executing the 'ubuntu' REXX script. This script is typically transferred to the guest's 'A' file mode. ```text ubuntu 00: 0000004 FILES PURGED 00: RDR FILE 0125 SENT FROM 10.222.111.24 PUN WAS 0125 RECS 101K CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: RDR FILE 0129 SENT FROM 10.222.111.24 PUN WAS 0129 RECS 0001 CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: RDR FILE 0133 SENT FROM 10.222.111.24 PUN WAS 0133 RECS 334K CPY 001 A NOHOLD NO KEEP 00: 0000003 FILES CHANGED 00: 0000003 FILES CHANGED 01: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial CPU reset from CPU 00. 02: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial CPU reset from CPU 00. 03: HCPGSP2627I The virtual machine is placed in CP mode due to a SIGP initial CPU reset from CPU 00. ¬ 0.390935| Initramfs unpacking failed: Decoding failed Unable to find a medium container a live file system ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Certificate and Key Files Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/explanation/security/certificates.md Copies the certificate and private key files to their standard system locations for SSL/TLS services. ```bash sudo cp server.crt /etc/ssl/certs sudo cp server.key /etc/ssl/private ``` -------------------------------- ### Apply permissions and start SSSD Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/kerberos/basic-workstation-authentication.md Secure the configuration file and start the SSSD service. ```bash $ sudo chown root:root /etc/sssd/sssd.conf $ sudo chmod 0600 /etc/sssd/sssd.conf $ sudo systemctl start sssd ``` -------------------------------- ### APT Remove Confirmation Output Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md Example output from 'apt remove' showing automatically installed packages that are no longer required and packages that will be removed. ```text ... The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: apache2-bin libapr1t64 libaprutil1-ldap liblua5.4-0 apache2-utils libaprutil1-dbd-sqlite3 libaprutil1t64 ssl-cert Use 'sudo apt autoremove' to remove them. REMOVING: apache2 apache2-data Summary: Upgrading: 0, Installing: 0, Removing: 2, Not Upgrading: 0 Freed space: 1349 kB Continue? [Y/n] ``` -------------------------------- ### Install PostgreSQL Client and Connect Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/databases/install-postgresql.md Installs the PostgreSQL client tools and then connects to a PostgreSQL server using specified host, username, password, and database. This is used for testing remote connections. ```bash sudo apt install postgresql-client psql --host your-servers-dns-or-ip --username postgres --password --dbname template1 ``` -------------------------------- ### Unattended Upgrades Log Example Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/software/automatic-updates.md This log shows an unattended-upgrades run where upgrades were installed, a reboot was detected as necessary, and a reboot was scheduled for a specific time. ```text 2025-03-13 20:43:25,923 INFO Starting unattended upgrades script 2025-03-13 20:43:25,924 INFO Allowed origins are: o=Ubuntu,a=noble, o=Ubuntu,a=noble-security, o=UbuntuESMApps,a=noble-apps-security, o=UbuntuESM,a=noble-infra-security 2025-03-13 20:43:25,924 INFO Initial blacklist: 2025-03-13 20:43:25,924 INFO Initial whitelist (not strict): 2025-03-13 20:43:29,082 INFO Packages that will be upgraded: libc6 python3-jinja2 2025-03-13 20:43:29,082 INFO Writing dpkg log to /var/log/unattended-upgrades/unattended-upgrades-dpkg.log 2025-03-13 20:43:39,532 INFO All upgrades installed 2025-03-13 20:43:40,201 WARNING Found /var/run/reboot-required, rebooting 2025-03-13 20:43:40,207 WARNING Shutdown msg: b"Reboot scheduled for Thu 2025-03-13 20:45:00 UTC, use 'shutdown -c' to cancel." ``` -------------------------------- ### Copy Installer Files to TFTP Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/netboot-the-server-installer-via-uefi-pxe-on-arm-aarch64-arm64-and-x86-64-amd64.md Mount the Ubuntu Server live ISO and copy the required installer files (grub.cfg, initrd, vmlinuz) to the TFTP server's directory structure. Ensure the TFTP root is organized correctly for GRUB to access them. ```bash sudo mount ./ubuntu-20.04.5-live-server-arm64.iso /mnt sudo mkdir /srv/tftp/grub /srv/tftp/casper sudo cp /mnt/boot/grub/grub.cfg /srv/tftp/grub/ sudo cp /mnt/casper/initrd /srv/tftp/casper/ sudo cp /mnt/casper/vmlinuz /srv/tftp/casper/ ``` -------------------------------- ### Display detailed directory listing with hidden files Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/welcome-to-the-terminal.md Use 'ls -la' to get a detailed listing of all files and directories, including hidden ones (those starting with '.'). ```bash ls -la ``` -------------------------------- ### Ubuntu Server Welcome Message Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/interactive-live-server-installation-on-ibm-z-lpar-s390x.md This is an example of the system information and welcome messages displayed after a successful SSH login to the Ubuntu installer. It includes system details and update information. ```default Welcome to Ubuntu Focal Fossa (development branch) (GNU/Linux 5.4.0-42-generic s390x) * Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com * Management: https://landscape.canonical.com * Support: https://ubuntu.com/pro System information as of Wed Jun 3 17:32:10 UTC 2020 System load: 0.0 Memory usage: 2% Processes: 146 Usage of /home: unknown Swap usage: 0% Users logged in: 0 0 updates can be installed immediately. 0 of these updates are security updates. The programs included with the Ubuntu system are free software; the exact distribution terms for each program are described in the individual files in /usr/share/doc/*/copyright. Ubuntu comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by applicable law. ``` -------------------------------- ### Bring up a WireGuard interface Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/explanation/intro-to/wireguard-vpn.md Use the wg-quick utility to initialize a WireGuard interface based on a configuration file. ```bash $ sudo wg-quick up wg0 ``` -------------------------------- ### Typical Kernel Panic Output Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/software/kernel-crash-dump.md Example output observed on a serial console after triggering a system crash via SysRq. This shows the kernel initiating a panic and starting the dump process. ```text [ 977.208267] sysrq: Trigger a crash [ 977.209313] Kernel panic - not syncing: sysrq triggered crash [ 977.210684] CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 1567 Comm: bash Kdump: loaded Not tainted 6.18.0-8-generic #8-Ubuntu PREEMPT(voluntary) [ 977.215248] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009)/LXD, BIOS unknown 2/2/2022 [ 977.216319] Call Trace: ... ``` -------------------------------- ### DPDK Device Initialization Log Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/dpdk-with-open-vswitch.md Example log entries showing successful DPDK PCI device initialization. This output is typically found in syslog or journal logs when Open vSwitch with DPDK is starting. ```log ovs-ctl[3560]: EAL: PCI device 0000:04:00.1 on NUMA socket 0 ovs-ctl[3560]: EAL: probe driver: 8086:1528 rte_ixgbe_pmd ovs-ctl[3560]: EAL: PCI memory mapped at 0x7f2140000000 ovs-ctl[3560]: EAL: PCI memory mapped at 0x7f2140200000 ``` -------------------------------- ### Start VM with libvirt Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/intel-tdx.md Use the 'virsh start' command to launch the defined VM. ```bash sudo virsh start tdx-guest ``` -------------------------------- ### PHP Info Script Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/web-services/install-php.md A simple PHP script that outputs detailed information about the current PHP installation, including configuration settings and loaded modules. Save this as a .php file and access it via a web browser to test your setup. ```php ``` -------------------------------- ### Launch a Multipass VM Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/welcome-to-the-terminal.md Use this command to launch a new Multipass virtual machine named 'tutorial'. The output confirms the successful launch. ```bash user@computer:~$ multipass launch --name tutorial ``` ```text Launched: tutorial ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Docker from a Specific Snapshot Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/software/snapshot-service.md Install a package, like Docker, from a specific historical snapshot and verify its version. ```bash sudo apt install docker.io --snapshot 20240501T120000Z ... docker --version ``` -------------------------------- ### Install a package with apt Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/welcome-to-the-terminal.md Install the 'tree' command using 'sudo apt install tree -y'. The -y flag automatically confirms the installation. ```bash sudo apt install tree -y ``` -------------------------------- ### Prepare LPAR-Specific Configuration Files Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-lpar-autoinstall-s390x.md Make the boot directory writable, then copy the default ubuntu.ins and parmfile.ubuntu to create LPAR-specific versions for 'zlinlpar'. ```bash admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ chmod -R +rw ./boot admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ cp ./boot/ubuntu.ins ./boot/ubuntu_zlinlpar.ins admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ cp ./boot/parmfile.ubuntu ./boot/parmfile.zlinlpar admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ ``` ```bash admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ vi ./boot/ubuntu_zlinlpar.ins admin@installserver:/srv/ftp/ubuntu-daily-live-server-20.04$ cat ./boot/ubuntu_zlinlpar.ins * Ubuntu for z Series (default kernel) ``` -------------------------------- ### Manually Install Package to Prevent Auto-removal Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md If a package is flagged for auto-removal but you want to keep it, manually install it using `apt install`. This marks the package as manually installed. ```bash sudo apt install ssl-cert ``` -------------------------------- ### Install a dynamic nginx module Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/web-services/use-nginx-modules.md Install a desired dynamic nginx module using `apt install`. This command will download and install the package, and nginx will automatically reload. ```bash $ sudo apt install libnginx-mod-http-image-filter ... The following NEW packages will be installed: libnginx-mod-http-image-filter 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 34 not upgraded. ... Triggering nginx reload ... ``` -------------------------------- ### Enable and Start saslauthd Service Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/mail-services/install-exim4.md Enable the `saslauthd` service to start on boot and start the service immediately. ```bash sudo systemctl enable saslauthd sudo systemctl start saslauthd ``` -------------------------------- ### Launch a new virtual machine Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/lxd.md Creates and starts a new virtual machine from a specified image. Use the --vm flag to designate it as a virtual machine. ```bash lxc launch --vm remote:image vmname ``` -------------------------------- ### Navigate to the documentation folder Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/contributing/local-development.md After cloning the repository, change your current directory to the newly created 'ubuntu-server-documentation' folder. ```bash cd ubuntu-server-documentation ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Libvirt Packages Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/libvirt.md Installs the necessary packages for libvirt and QEMU/KVM. Ensure your package list is updated before installation. ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install qemu-kvm libvirt-daemon-system ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Kerberos LDAP Packages Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/kerberos/kerberos-with-openldap-backend.md Installs the Kerberos LDAP integration packages. Assumes OpenLDAP is already installed. ```bash sudo apt install krb5-kdc-ldap krb5-admin-server ``` -------------------------------- ### Install a package using APT Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/software/package-management.md Installs a specified package, such as the 'nmap' network scanner. Ensure the package index is updated first. ```bash sudo apt install nmap ``` -------------------------------- ### Start Kerberos Services Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/kerberos/kerberos-with-openldap-backend.md Launch the KDC and admin server services using systemctl. ```bash sudo systemctl start krb5-kdc.service krb5-admin-server.service ``` -------------------------------- ### Enable and Start saslauthd Service Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/openldap/ldap-saslauthd-kerberos.md Enable the saslauthd service to start on boot and start it immediately using systemctl. ```text sudo systemctl enable --now saslauthd ``` -------------------------------- ### Verify Multipass installation Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/common-multipass.txt Run this command in your terminal to confirm that Multipass is installed and accessible. It should display the installed version numbers. ```bash multipass version ``` -------------------------------- ### Run Stripped Workload with QEMU Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/explanation/virtualisation/qemu-microvm.md Execute a minimal kernel and a single application using QEMU with KVM acceleration. This command boots a 128MB VM with a custom kernel, serial console, and a virtio block device containing the 'chiselled-hello.qcow2' image. It's designed for rapid testing by skipping filesystem checks and directly launching the 'hello' binary. ```bash sudo qemu-system-x86_64 -m 128M -machine accel=kvm \ -kernel /boot/vmlinuz-$(uname -r) \ -append 'console=ttyS0 root=/dev/vda fsck.mode=skip init=/usr/bin/hello' \ -nodefaults -no-user-config \ -display none -serial mon:stdio \ -drive file=chiselled-hello.qcow2,index=0,format=qcow2,media=disk,if=none,id=virtio1 \ -device virtio-blk-pci,drive=virtio1 ``` -------------------------------- ### Install TFTP Server Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/netboot-the-server-installer-via-uefi-pxe-on-arm-aarch64-arm64-and-x86-64-amd64.md Installs the tftpd-hpa package, a common TFTP server implementation. Ensure the service is active after installation. ```bash $ sudo apt install tftpd-hpa ``` ```bash $ systemctl status tftpd-hpa.service ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Kerberos client packages Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/kerberos/basic-workstation-authentication.md Install the necessary packages to enable Kerberos authentication on the system. ```bash $ sudo apt install krb5-user sssd-krb5 ``` -------------------------------- ### Install ubuntu-helper-virt-hwe Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/virt-hwe.md Installs the helper script for managing the HWE virtualization stack. This is the initial step to enable HWE management. ```bash root@enticed-cichlid:~# apt install ubuntu-helper-virt-hwe ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Specific Dependencies for Downgrading Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/tutorial/managing-software.md When installing an older package version causes dependency conflicts, first install the required older versions of its dependencies. This command installs multiple specific versions of related packages. ```bash sudo apt install apache2-bin=2.4.66-2ubuntu2 \ apache2-data=2.4.66-2ubuntu2 \ apache2-utils=2.4.66-2ubuntu2 \ apache2=2.4.66-2ubuntu2 ``` -------------------------------- ### Install snapd on Monitor node Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/observability/set-up-your-lma-stack.md Installs the snapd package manager on the 'monitor' LXD container, which is required for installing Snap packages. ```bash monitor:~# apt install snapd ``` -------------------------------- ### Install BIND9 Package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/install-dnssec.md Installs the BIND9 DNS server package on Ubuntu. Use the '-y' flag to automatically confirm the installation. ```bash sudo apt install bind9 -y ``` -------------------------------- ### Install base virtualization package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/virt-hwe.md Installs a base virtualization component, such as qemu-system-x86. This action pulls in the default, non-HWE virtualization packages. ```bash root@enticed-cichlid:~# apt install qemu-system-x86 ``` -------------------------------- ### Create and migrate database Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/web-services/install-ruby-on-rails.md Initialize the application database and apply migrations in the production environment. ```bash RAILS_ENV=production rake db:create RAILS_ENV=production rake db:migrate ``` -------------------------------- ### Enable and Start LDAP Backup Timer Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/openldap/backup-and-restore.md Reloads systemd, enables the LDAP backup timer to start on boot, and starts it immediately. ```bash sudo systemctl daemon-reload sudo systemctl enable --now ldapbackup.timer ``` -------------------------------- ### Install OpenVPN Package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/security/install-openvpn.md Install the OpenVPN client package on an Ubuntu machine. This command installs the necessary binaries and libraries for the OpenVPN client. ```bash sudo apt install openvpn ``` -------------------------------- ### Build and Serve Documentation Preview Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/contributing/local-development.md This command builds a live preview of the documentation and serves it locally. It also watches for file changes and rebuilds automatically. Ensure the SPHINX_HOST environment variable is set if running in a VM or container. ```bash make run ``` -------------------------------- ### Launch virt-manager (local) Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/virtual-machine-manager.md Starts the virt-manager GUI to manage local virtual machines. ```bash virt-manager ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Multipass Snap Package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/multipass.md Install the Multipass snap package on Linux. Ensure snapd is installed if running an older Ubuntu version. ```bash sudo snap install multipass ``` ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install snapd ``` -------------------------------- ### Configure a virtual machine to start at boot with virsh Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/libvirt.md Ensure a virtual machine automatically starts when the host system boots by using `virsh autostart` with the guest name. ```bash virsh autostart ``` -------------------------------- ### Install OpenLDAP Server and Utilities Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/openldap/install-openldap.md Installs the slapd daemon and essential command-line utilities for managing LDAP. The installer will prompt for an administrator password. ```bash sudo apt install slapd ldap-utils ``` -------------------------------- ### Configure User-Data for Autoinstall Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/non-interactive-ibm-z-lpar-autoinstall-s390x.md Example user-data configuration file for cloud-init, including network settings and early-commands for s390x. ```yaml admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zlinlpar$ vi user-data admin@installserver:/srv/www/autoinstall/zlinlpar$ cat user-data #cloud-config autoinstall: version: 1 refresh-installer: update: yes reporting: builtin: type: print apt: preserve_sources_list: false primary: - arches: [amd64, i386] uri: http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu - arches: [default] uri: http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports keyboard: layout: en variant: us locale: en_US identity: hostname: zlinlpar password: "$6$ebJ1f8wxED22bTL4F46P0" username: ubuntu user-data: timezone: America/Boston users: - name: ubuntu password: "$6$KwuxED22bTL4F46P0" lock_passwd: false early-commands: - touch /tmp/lets_activate_the_s390x_devices - chzdev zfcp -e e000 - chzdev zfcp -e e100 - chzdev zfcp-lun -e --online - touch /tmp/s390x_devices_activation_done network: ethernets: encc000: {} version: 2 vlans: encc000.4711: addresses: [10.11.12.42/24] gateway4: 10.11.12.1 id: 4711 link: encc000 nameservers: addresses: [10.11.12.1] ssh: install-server: true allow-pw: true authorized-keys: ['ssh-rsa meQwtZ user@workstation # ssh-import-id lp:user'] admin@installserver:~$ ``` -------------------------------- ### Install NVIDIA Utilities for Server Driver Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/graphics/install-nvidia-drivers.md Installs essential NVIDIA utilities that complement the server driver installation, ensuring full functionality. ```bash sudo apt install nvidia-utils-535-server ``` -------------------------------- ### Create a new virtual machine with virt-install Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/virtualisation/virtual-machine-manager.md Creates a new virtual machine with specified resources and configuration. Use this to provision new VMs. ```bash virt-install \ --name web_devel \ --ram 8192 \ --disk path=/home/doug/vm/web_devel.img,bus=virtio,size=50 \ --cdrom focal-desktop-amd64.iso \ --network network=default,model=virtio \ --graphics vnc,listen=0.0.0.0 \ --noautoconsole \ --hvm \ --vcpus=4 ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Logwatch on Ubuntu Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/observability/install-logwatch.md Use the apt package manager to install the Logwatch utility. ```bash sudo apt install logwatch ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Rails package Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/web-services/install-ruby-on-rails.md Install the Ruby on Rails package using apt. Use the --no-install-recommends flag to avoid installing browser-related dependencies. ```bash sudo apt install rails ``` ```bash sudo apt install --no-install-recommends rails ``` -------------------------------- ### Install and Configure Open vSwitch with DPDK Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/dpdk-with-open-vswitch.md Installs the openvswitch-switch-dpdk package, sets the ovs-vswitchd alternative to the DPDK version, and configures DPDK-specific settings like memory allocation and whitelisted devices. Ensure devices are assigned to DPDK-compatible drivers before restarting. ```default sudo apt-get install openvswitch-switch-dpdk sudo update-alternatives --set ovs-vswitchd /usr/lib/openvswitch-switch-dpdk/ovs-vswitchd-dpdk ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . "other_config:dpdk-init=true" # run on core 0 only ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . "other_config:dpdk-lcore-mask=0x1" # Allocate 2G huge pages (not Numa node aware) ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . "other_config:dpdk-alloc-mem=2048" # limit to one whitelisted device ovs-vsctl set Open_vSwitch . "other_config:dpdk-extra=--pci-whitelist=0000:04:00.0" sudo service openvswitch-switch restart ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Postfix Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/mail-services/install-postfix.md Installs the Postfix Mail Transfer Agent using the apt package manager. It is recommended to accept default settings during the initial installation. ```bash sudo apt install postfix ``` -------------------------------- ### Install Linux Headers for Current Kernel Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/graphics/install-nvidia-drivers.md Installs the kernel headers for the currently running kernel if they were not automatically installed. This is necessary for DKMS module compilation. ```bash sudo apt install linux-headers-$(uname -r) ``` -------------------------------- ### Obtain initial credentials with kinit Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/kerberos/install-a-kerberos-server.md Use the `kinit` utility to test the newly created user principal by obtaining initial Kerberos credentials. You will be prompted for the principal's password. ```bash $ kinit ubuntu/admin Password for ubuntu/admin@EXAMPLE.COM: ``` -------------------------------- ### Example resolv.conf Configuration Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/networking/install-dns.md Shows the expected configuration for a client's resolv.conf file after setting up DNS. It specifies the local nameserver and the search domain. ```text nameserver 127.0.0.53 search example.com ``` -------------------------------- ### Install New Kernel Alternative Source: https://github.com/canonical/ubuntu-server-documentation/blob/main/docs/how-to/installation/choosing-between-the-arm64-and-arm64-largemem-installer-options.md Use this command to install a different kernel version after Ubuntu Server has been installed. Replace `` with `linux-generic-64k` or `linux-generic`. ```bash sudo apt update sudo apt install sudo reboot ```