### Post-Install Script for Language Packs (`postinstall.sh`)

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

A shell script to be executed during the `late-commands` phase of autoinstall. This example installs English language packs. It can be extended to support additional locales.

```sh
#!/bin/sh

# Install language packs for English.
# check-language-support outputs the correct package names for the locale.
apt install -y $(check-language-support -l en)

# To support additional locales, repeat for each language code, e.g.:
# apt install -y $(check-language-support -l fr)

# Deploy and run via autoinstall.yaml late-commands:
# - wget -O /target/postinstall.sh http://192.168.0.2/postinstall.sh
# - curtin in-target -- bash /postinstall.sh
# - rm /target/postinstall.sh

```

--------------------------------

### Core Autoinstall Configuration (`autoinstall.yaml`)

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

Defines the automated Ubuntu Desktop installation process, including packages, snaps, user identity, storage, and late-stage commands for system conversion. Ensure the password hash is generated using `mkpasswd --method=SHA-512`.

```yaml
#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  # Required field for Subiquity Autoinstall format
  version: 1

  # Install the full Ubuntu Desktop package set
  packages:
    - ubuntu-desktop

  # Default snaps shipped on a 22.04 Ubuntu Desktop system
  snaps:
    - name: firefox
    - name: gnome-3-38-2004
    - name: gtk-common-themes
    - name: snap-store
    - name: snapd-desktop-integration

  # Default user account — generate the password hash with:
  #   mkpasswd --method=SHA-512   (from the 'whois' package)
  identity:
    realname: ''
    username: ubuntu
    password: '<password hash>'
    hostname: ubuntu-desktop

  # Use a flat (non-LVM) partition layout
  storage:
    layout:
      name: direct

  # Select the HWE kernel used by Ubuntu Desktop
  early-commands:
    - echo 'linux-generic-hwe-22.04' > /run/kernel-meta-package

  # Optional: apt proxy if the target has no direct internet access
  # proxy: http://192.168.0.1:3142

  late-commands:
    # Enable graphical boot splash
    - >-
      curtin in-target --
      sed -i /etc/default/grub -e
      's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=".*"/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"/'
    - curtin in-target -- update-grub

    # Switch network management from netplan/systemd-networkd to NetworkManager
    - rm /target/etc/netplan/00-installer-config*yaml
    - >-
      printf "network:\n  version: 2\n  renderer: NetworkManager" \
      > /target/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

    # Remove filesystem tools irrelevant to the 'direct' storage layout
    - >-
      curtin in-target -- apt-get remove -y
      btrfs-progs cryptsetup* lvm2 xfsprogs

    # Remove server-only packages not present on a standard Desktop
    - >-
      curtin in-target -- apt-get remove -y
      ubuntu-server ubuntu-server-minimal
      binutils byobu curl dmeventd finalrd gawk
      kpartx mdadm ncurses-term needrestart open-iscsi openssh-server
      sg3-utils ssh-import-id sssd thin-provisioning-tools vim tmux
      sosreport screen open-vm-tools motd-news-config lxd-agent-loader
      landscape-common htop git fonts-ubuntu-console ethtool

    # cloud-init is required for first-boot tasks — keep it
    - curtin in-target -- apt-get install -y cloud-init

    # Clean up orphaned dependencies
    - curtin in-target -- apt-get autoremove -y

    # Optional: run a custom post-install script hosted on a web server
    # - wget -O /target/postinstall.sh http://192.168.0.2/postinstall.sh
    # - curtin in-target -- bash /postinstall.sh
    # - rm /target/postinstall.sh

```

--------------------------------

### Autoinstall Without Default User

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

Append this snippet to `autoinstall.yaml` to defer user creation to the first boot. This triggers GNOME Initial Setup for user, region, and option configuration.

```yaml
# Remove the entire `identity:` section from autoinstall.yaml,
# then append this snippet to defer user creation to first boot.

  user-data:
    # An empty users list tells cloud-init (and Subiquity) not to create
    # any user, which triggers gnome-initial-setup on first login.
    users: ['']

# Full example autoinstall.yaml (identity section omitted):
#
# #cloud-config
# autoinstall:
#   version: 1
#   packages:
#     - ubuntu-desktop
#   storage:
#     layout:
#       name: direct
#   early-commands:
#     - echo 'linux-generic-hwe-22.04' > /run/kernel-meta-package
#   user-data:
#     users: ['']

```

--------------------------------

### Configure Landscape Registration in User Data

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Use cloud-init's Landscape support to register the installed system. Ensure a user-data section is present and provide the correct URL for the Landscape message system and ping.

```yaml
user-data:
  landscape:
    client:
      url: "https://landscape.canonical.com/message-system"
      ping_url: "http://landscape.canonical.com/ping"
      …
```

--------------------------------

### Autoinstall without Default User

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

This configuration inhibits user creation, prompting for user setup on first boot via Gnome Initial Setup. Remove the 'identity' section and add this 'user-data' entry.

```yaml
  # This inhibits user creation, which for Desktop images means that
  # gnome-initial-setup will prompt for user creation on first boot.
  user-data:
    users: ['']

```

--------------------------------

### Install Language Packs Script

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

This shell script installs language packs for English. It uses `check-language-support` to determine the necessary packages.

```sh
#!/bin/sh

# Install language packs for English
apt install -y $(check-language-support -l en)

```

--------------------------------

### Configure PXE Boot Default File

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Create the pxelinux.cfg/default file to specify the kernel, initrd, and boot parameters for the autoinstall process. Ensure the APPEND line is on a single line and URLs point to your web server.

```shell
DEFAULT install
LABEL install
 KERNEL vmlinuz
INITRD initrd
APPEND root=/dev/ram0 ramdisk_size=1500000 ip=dhcp cloud-config-url=http://192.168.0.2/autoinstall.yaml url=http://192.168.0.2/ubuntu-22.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso autoinstall
```

--------------------------------

### Download and Place pxelinux.0

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Download the pxelinux.0 binary using wget and move it to the TFTP root directory.

```shell
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/installer-amd64/current/legacy-images/netboot/pxelinux.0
mv pxelinux.0 /srv/tftp/
```

--------------------------------

### Autoinstall Desktop Configuration

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

This is a complete autoinstall.yaml configuration for Ubuntu Desktop. Adjust the 'identity' section for user details and password hash. Ensure apt access for necessary packages.

```yaml
#cloud-config
autoinstall:
  # version is an Autoinstall required field.
  version: 1

  # This adds the default ubuntu-desktop packages to the system.
  # Any desired additional packages may also be listed here.
  packages:
    - ubuntu-desktop

  # This adds the default snaps found on a 22.04 Ubuntu Desktop system.
  # Any desired additional snaps may also be listed here.
  snaps:
    - name: firefox
    - name: gnome-3-38-2004
    - name: gtk-common-themes
    - name: snap-store
    - name: snapd-desktop-integration

  # User creation can occur in one of 3 ways:
  # 1. Create a user using this `identity` section.
  # 2. Create users as documented in cloud-init inside the user-data section,
  #    which means this single-user identity section may be removed.
  # 3. Prompt for user configuration on first boot.  Remove this identity
  #    section and see the "Installation without a default user" section.
  identity:
    realname: ''
    username: ubuntu
    # A password hash is needed. `mkpasswd --method=SHA-512` can help.
    # mkpasswd can be found in the package 'whois'
    password: '<password hash>'
    hostname: ubuntu-desktop

  # Subiquity will, by default, configure a partition layout using LVM.
  # The 'direct' layout method shown here will produce a non-LVM result.
  storage:
    layout:
      name: direct

  # Ubuntu Desktop uses the hwe flavor kernel by default.
  early-commands:
    - echo 'linux-generic-hwe-22.04' > /run/kernel-meta-package

  # The live-server ISO does not contain some of the required packages,
  # such as ubuntu-desktop or the hwe kernel (or most of their depdendencies).
  # The system being installed will need some sort of apt access.
  # proxy: http://192.168.0.1:3142

  late-commands:
    # Enable the boot splash
    - >-
      curtin in-target --
      sed -i /etc/default/grub -e
      's/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT=".*"/GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash"/'
    - curtin in-target -- update-grub

    # Let NetworkManager handle network
    - rm /target/etc/netplan/00-installer-config*yaml
    - >-
      printf "network:\n  version: 2\n  renderer: NetworkManager" > /target/etc/netplan/01-network-manager-all.yaml

    # Remove default filesystem and related tools not used with the suggested
    # 'direct' storage layout.  These may yet be required if different
    # partitioning schemes are used.
    - >-
      curtin in-target -- apt-get remove -y
      btrfs-progs cryptsetup* lvm2 xfsprogs

    # Remove other packages present by default in Ubuntu Server but not
    # normally present in Ubuntu Desktop.
    - >-
      curtin in-target -- apt-get remove -y
      ubuntu-server ubuntu-server-minimal
      binutils byobu curl dmeventd finalrd gawk
      kpartx mdadm ncurses-term needrestart open-iscsi openssh-server
      sg3-utils ssh-import-id sssd thin-provisioning-tools vim tmux
      sosreport screen open-vm-tools motd-news-config lxd-agent-loader
      landscape-common htop git fonts-ubuntu-console ethtool

    # Keep cloud-init, as it performs some of the installation on first boot.
    - curtin in-target -- apt-get install -y cloud-init

    # Finally, remove things only installed as dependencies of other things
    # we have already removed.
    - curtin in-target -- apt-get autoremove -y

    # A postinstall script may optionally be used for further install
    # customization. Deploy this postinstall.sh script on the webserver.
    # - wget -O /target/postinstall.sh http://192.168.0.2/postinstall.sh
    # - curtin in-target -- bash /postinstall.sh
    # - rm /target/postinstall.sh

  # Additional cloud-init configuration affecting the target
  # system can be supplied underneath a user-data section inside of
  # autoinstall.
  # user-data:
  #   …

```

--------------------------------

### PXELinux Default Boot Menu

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

The PXELINUX boot menu configuration that directs booting machines to load the Ubuntu live-server kernel and initrd. Ensure IP addresses match your web server.

```conf
# /srv/tftp/pxelinux.cfg/default
# The APPEND line and everything after it must be on a SINGLE line.
# Replace the IP addresses with those of your web server.

DEFAULT install
LABEL install
 KERNEL vmlinuz
 INITRD initrd
 APPEND root=/dev/ram0 ramdisk_size=1500000 ip=dhcp cloud-config-url=http://192.168.0.2/autoinstall.yaml url=http://192.168.0.2/ubuntu-22.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso autoinstall

# Required files in /srv/tftp/: 
#   pxelinux.0   — wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/focal/main/installer-amd64/current/legacy-images/netboot/pxelinux.0
#   vmlinuz      — cp /mnt/casper/vmlinuz /srv/tftp/
#   initrd       — cp /mnt/casper/initrd /srv/tftp/
#   ldlinux.c32  — apt install syslinux-common && cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32 /srv/tftp/
#
# Mount the ISO first:
#   mount ubuntu-22.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso /mnt

```

--------------------------------

### Mount Live Server ISO

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Mount the Ubuntu Live Server ISO image to access its contents for copying kernel and initrd files.

```shell
mount ubuntu-22.04.1-live-server-amd64.iso /mnt
```

--------------------------------

### Copy Boot Files to TFTP Root

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Copy the kernel (vmlinuz), initrd, and ldlinux.c32 files from the mounted ISO and system packages to the TFTP root directory for netboot.

```shell
cp /mnt/casper/{vmlinuz,initrd} /srv/tftp/
apt install syslinux-common
cp /usr/lib/syslinux/modules/bios/ldlinux.c32 /srv/tftp/
```

--------------------------------

### Dnsmasq PXE/TFTP Configuration

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

Configure `dnsmasq` for PXE network booting by setting up DHCP and TFTP services. Adjust interface names and DHCP ranges to match your network environment.

```conf
# /etc/dnsmasq.d/pxe.conf
# Replace <your interface> with the actual NIC name (e.g., eth0, ens3)

interface=<your interface>,lo
bind-interfaces
dhcp-range=<your interface>,192.168.0.100,192.168.0.200
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/srv/tftp

# Setup steps:
#   apt install dnsmasq
#   mkdir -p /srv/tftp
#   # copy this file to /etc/dnsmasq.d/pxe.conf
#   systemctl restart dnsmasq.service

```

--------------------------------

### Configure dnsmasq for Netboot

Source: https://github.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/blob/main/README.md

Configure dnsmasq to serve netboot binaries. This involves setting up network interfaces, DHCP ranges, and TFTP root directories. Ensure the dnsmasq service is restarted after configuration.

```shell
interface=<your interface>,lo
bind-interfaces
dhcp-range=<your interface>,192.168.0.100,192.168.0.200
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0
enable-tftp
tftp-root=/srv/tftp
```

--------------------------------

### Python Script for Documentation Generation

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

A Python 3 script to generate `README.md` from `README.md.in`. It inlines referenced config files and removes preprocessor comments, keeping documentation synchronized with configuration.

```python
#!/usr/bin/python3
# Usage: python3 build_doc.py README.md.in ../README.md

import sys

infile  = sys.argv[1]   # e.g., README.md.in
outfile = sys.argv[2]   # e.g., ../README.md


def readlines(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r') as fp:
        return fp.readlines()


with open(outfile, 'w') as fp:
    for line in readlines(infile):
        tokens = line.split(' ')
        if tokens[0] == '#include':
            # Inline the referenced file, skipping lines starting with '##'
            filename = tokens[1].split('"')[1]
            for includeline in readlines(filename):
                if not includeline.startswith('##'):
                    fp.write(includeline)
        elif tokens[0] == '%%':
            # Strip preprocessor-only comment lines from output
            continue
        else:
            fp.write(line)

# Build via Makefile:
#   cd src && make          # builds ../README.md
#   cd src && make test     # verifies README.md is up to date (used in CI)

```

--------------------------------

### Autoinstall Landscape Registration

Source: https://context7.com/canonical/autoinstall-desktop/llms.txt

Append this `user-data` snippet to `autoinstall.yaml` to register the system with Canonical Landscape. Ensure your Landscape account details are populated.

```yaml
# Append to autoinstall.yaml under an existing user-data section.
# Populate all fields with values from your Landscape account.

  user-data:
    landscape:
      client:
        url: "https://landscape.canonical.com/message-system"
        ping_url: "http://landscape.canonical.com/ping"
        # account_name: "my-org"
        # registration_key: "secret"
        # computer_title: "ubuntu-desktop-01"
        # log_level: "info"

# Reference: man landscape-config
# https://cloudinit.readthedocs.io/en/latest/topics/modules.html#landscape

```

=== COMPLETE CONTENT === This response contains all available snippets from this library. No additional content exists. Do not make further requests.