### Install Kernel to NAND Flash via TFTP

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Installs a custom kernel (uImage) to the onboard NAND flash using TFTP and serial console commands in U-Boot. This is for permanent installation.

```bash
# At U-Boot prompt, load kernel via TFTP
tftp uImage

# Erase kernel partition (0x120000 offset, 4MB size)
nand erase 0x120000 0x400000

# Write new kernel to NAND
nand write.e $loadaddr 0x120000 0x400000

# NAND partition layout:
# 0x000000-0x0E0000: u-boot (read-only)
# 0x0E0000-0x100000: u-boot-env (read-only)
# 0x100000-0x120000: u-boot-env2 (read-only)
# 0x120000-0x520000: zImage (kernel)
# 0x520000-0x920000: initrd
# 0xE00000-0x40000000: boot (rootfs)
```

--------------------------------

### Controlling System LEDs

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

This example demonstrates how to control system LEDs using the standard Linux GPIO-LED interface. The 'sysfail' LED is controlled by echoing a brightness value to its corresponding file in the /sys/class/leds directory. Note that the HDD LED requires a specific mv_sata patch.

```bash
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d\:sysfail\:red/brightness
```

--------------------------------

### Set Fan PWM Temperature Thresholds

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

Defines the temperature points at which the PWM fan speed will start and reach its maximum. These values are in millidegrees Celsius.

```bash
echo 57000 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_auto_point1_temp
```

```bash
echo 90000 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_auto_point2_temp
```

--------------------------------

### Configure USB Boot for ix4-300d

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Sets up booting from a USB drive for testing custom kernels. Requires a partitioned USB drive and serial console access to interrupt U-Boot.

```bash
# Prepare USB drive:
# Partition 1: VFAT (10-20MB) for kernel
# Partition 2: ext2/3/4 for root filesystem

# Connect UART to CN9 connector (115200/8N1)
# Pin 1 (marked): Vcc
# Pin 2: RX (connect to adapter TX)
# Pin 3: GND
# Pin 4: TX (connect to adapter RX)

# At U-Boot prompt (press key during boot to interrupt):
usb reset;fatload usb 0:1 $loadaddr uImage;setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10; bootm $loadaddr;

# Note: USB boot only works from rear upper USB port
```

--------------------------------

### Booting from USB Command

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

This command sequence is used to boot the Lenovo IX4-300d from a USB drive. It requires a specific USB port (rear upper) and a properly formatted USB drive with a VFAT partition for the kernel and an ext partition for the bootstrap Linux system. Ensure UART is connected and stop the auto-boot sequence to enter the prompt.

```bash
usb reset;fatload usb 0:1 $loadaddr uImage;setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10; bootm $loadaddr;
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Load LCD Driver Module

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Builds the wixlcm kernel module for the LCD display and loads it into the system. Ensure KERNEL_SOURCE is set to your Linux kernel source directory.

```bash
# Build the LCD driver module
cd wixlcm
export KERNEL_SOURCE=/path/to/linux-source
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -C $KERNEL_SOURCE M=$(pwd) modules
```

```bash
# Load the module
insmod wixlcm.ko
```

```bash
# Check device was created
ls -la /dev/lcm
```

```bash
# View usage instructions
cat /dev/lcm
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Network Interfaces for Power-Off

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Ensures proper system shutdown by initializing Ethernet PHYs. This is typically achieved by configuring network interfaces at boot or bringing them up temporarily before shutdown.

```bash
# Ensure both network interfaces are configured at boot
# This initializes the Ethernet PHYs required for proper shutdown

# /etc/network/interfaces example:
# auto eth0
# iface eth0 inet static
#     address 192.168.1.100
#     netmask 255.255.255.0
#
# auto eth1
# iface eth1 inet static
#     address 169.254.1.1
#     netmask 255.255.0.0

# Or simply bring up interfaces temporarily
ip link set eth0 up
ip link set eth1 up

# Now shutdown will work correctly
shutdown -h now
```

--------------------------------

### Compile ix4-300d Kernel and Device Tree

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Builds a custom kernel (zImage) and device tree blobs (dtbs) for the ix4-300d. Requires mainline kernel 3.17+, a defconfig file, and cross-compilation tools.

```bash
# Download mainline kernel 3.17 or later
git clone https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/stable/linux.git
cd linux

# Apply the ix4-300d defconfig
cp /path/to/ix4-300d_defconfig .config

# For Debian Jessie, enable additional options
# CONFIG_DEVTMPFS=y
# CONFIG_CGROUPS=y

# Cross-compile the kernel and device tree
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j$(nproc) zImage
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j$(nproc) dtbs

# Combine zImage with device tree and create uImage
cat arch/arm/boot/zImage arch/arm/boot/dts/armada-xp-lenovo-ix4-300d.dtb > zud
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x00008000 -e 0x00008000 -n lenovo-ix4-300d -d zud uImage
```

--------------------------------

### Control LEDs via sysfs

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Manages front panel LEDs using the standard Linux LED interface through sysfs. LEDs are exposed as gpio-leds in the device tree.

```bash
# Available LEDs:
# ix4-300d:hdd:blue      - HDD activity (direct GPIO)
# ix4-300d:power:white   - Power LED (SPI shift register)
# ix4-300d:sysfail:red   - System failure indicator
# ix4-300d:sys:blue      - System status
# ix4-300d:hddfail:red   - HDD failure indicator

# Turn on system failure LED
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sysfail:red/brightness

# Turn off system failure LED
echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sysfail:red/brightness

# Set LED trigger to heartbeat
echo heartbeat > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/trigger

# List available triggers
cat /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/trigger
# [none] rc-feedback kbd-scrolllock kbd-numlock kbd-capslock kbd-kanalock
# kbd-shiftlock kbd-altgrlock kbd-ctrllock kbd-altlock kbd-shiftllock
# kbd-shiftrlock kbd-ctrlllock kbd-ctrlrlock timer oneshot heartbeat
# default-on transient ide-disk
```

--------------------------------

### Flashing Custom Kernel via Serial Line

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

These commands are used to flash a custom kernel image (uImage) to the NAND memory of the IX4-300d NAS via a serial connection. It involves loading the kernel via TFTP, erasing the target NAND region, and then writing the loaded kernel to that region. Ensure the TFTP transfer is successful before proceeding with erase and write operations.

```bash
tftp uImage -> this should load your kernel from you TFTP server, only proceed if this step is OK
```

```bash
nand erase 0x120000 0x400000 -> this erase the nand from now you no more have kernel on nand
```

```bash
nand write.e $loadaddr 0x120000 0x400000 -> this flash the custom kernel loaded at first line
```

--------------------------------

### Dimming Front Panel Lights

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

This command controls the brightness of the front panel, including the LCD and LEDs, by writing a value to the PWM3 control file. The value ranges from 0 to 255, where 30 represents a dimmed state.

```bash
echo 30 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm3
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Automatic Fan Speed Control

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

Enables automatic fan speed control based on CPU temperature. Ensure the I2C adapter and device are correctly configured.

```bash
echo 1 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_channels_temp
```

```bash
echo 2 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_enable
```

--------------------------------

### Control LCD Display via /dev/lcm

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Sends commands to the LCD display through the /dev/lcm character device. Commands include clearing the screen, displaying text, initializing, or drawing bitmaps.

```bash
# Clear the display
echo -n "C" > /dev/lcm
```

```bash
# Display ASCII text (limited to first row due to 128-pixel width)
echo -n "THello World" > /dev/lcm
```

```bash
# Display initialization/boot image
echo -n "I" > /dev/lcm
```

```python3
import sys
# Create simple pattern: horizontal lines
data = b'B' + bytes([0x55] * 1024)  # Alternating pixel rows
sys.stdout.buffer.write(data)

```

```bash
# Display raw bitmap (128x64 = 1024 bytes, 8 pages of 128 bytes each)
# Format: 'B' followed by 1024 bytes of raw pixel data
# Each byte represents 8 vertical pixels (LSB at top)
python3 -c "
import sys
# Create simple pattern: horizontal lines
data = b'B' + bytes([0x55] * 1024)  # Alternating pixel rows
sys.stdout.buffer.write(data)
" > /dev/lcm
```

```bash
# Display custom image from file
echo -n "B" > /dev/lcm && dd if=my_image.raw bs=1024 count=1 >> /dev/lcm
```

--------------------------------

### Monitor GPIO Button Events

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Monitors input events from front panel buttons, which are mapped to specific GPIO pins and generate standard Linux input events. Compatible with acpid for system control.

```bash
# Button GPIO mapping:
# Power Button:  GPIO44 (KEY_POWER)    - Active High
# Reset Button:  GPIO45 (KEY_RESTART)  - Active Low
# Select Button: GPIO41 (BTN_SELECT)   - Active Low
# Scroll Button: GPIO42 (KEY_SCROLLDOWN) - Active Low

# Monitor button events
cat /dev/input/event0
```

```bash
# Using evtest for detailed event information
evtest /dev/input/event0
```

```bash
# Configure acpid to respond to power button
# /etc/acpi/events/powerbtn:
# event=button/power
# action=/sbin/shutdown -h now
```

--------------------------------

### Checking CPU Temperature

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

This command calculates and displays the CPU temperature by reading the raw temperature input from the i2c interface and converting it to a human-readable format. It uses 'bc' for floating-point arithmetic to divide the input value by 1000.

```bash
echo "scale=0; `cat /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_input`/1000" | bc
```

--------------------------------

### Control Front Panel Brightness via I2C PWM

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Adjusts the overall front panel brightness, including the LCD and LEDs, by controlling the ADT7473 PWM controller via I2C.

```bash
# Set front panel brightness (0-255)
# Minimum visible: ~30
# Maximum: 255
echo 30 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm3

# Dim the panel for night mode
echo 10 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm3

# Full brightness
echo 255 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm3
```

--------------------------------

### Access Real-Time Clock (RTC)

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Interacts with the PCF8563 RTC via the standard Linux RTC interface. Commands include reading, writing, and setting the system time from/to the RTC, as well as direct I2C detection.

```bash
# Read current RTC time
hwclock -r
```

```bash
# Set RTC from system time
hwclock -w
```

```bash
# Set system time from RTC
hwclock -s
```

```bash
# Direct I2C access (for debugging)
i2cdetect -y 0
```

--------------------------------

### Read CPU and Ambient Temperatures

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Reads temperature sensor inputs from the hwmon interface. CPU temperature is typically temp1_input and ambient is temp2_input.

```bash
cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp1_input  # CPU
```

```bash
cat /sys/class/hwmon/hwmon0/temp2_input  # Ambient
```

--------------------------------

### Write to LCD Device

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

Displays text on the LCD screen by writing to the /dev/lcm device. Refer to the kernel driver for specific syntax.

```bash
cat /dev/lcm
```

--------------------------------

### Monitor Temperature Sensors via I2C

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Reads CPU and ambient temperature readings from the I2C-connected ADT7473 chip. Temperatures are reported in millidegrees Celsius.

```bash
# Read CPU temperature (in millidegrees Celsius)
cat /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_input
# Output: 45000 (equals 45°C)

# Convert to degrees with bc
echo "scale=0; $(cat /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_input)/1000" | bc
# Output: 45
```

--------------------------------

### Manual Fan Speed Control

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Sets the fan's PWM value directly for manual control. The value ranges from 0 (off) to 255 (full speed).

```bash
# Manual fan control
# Set PWM value directly (0-255)
echo 150 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1
```

--------------------------------

### Set Fan PWM Speed Levels

Source: https://github.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/wiki/Home

Sets the PWM duty cycle values corresponding to the defined temperature thresholds. Values range from 0 to 255.

```bash
echo 75 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_point1_pwm
```

```bash
echo 180 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_point2_pwm
```

--------------------------------

### Automatic Fan Speed Control Configuration

Source: https://context7.com/benoitm974/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Configures the fan to operate in automatic mode based on CPU temperature. This involves enabling auto mode, setting temperature reaction points, and defining corresponding PWM values.

```bash
# Automatic PWM control (recommended)
# Enable auto PWM mode
echo 2 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_enable
```

```bash
# Configure to react only to CPU temperature
echo 1 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_channels_temp
```

```bash
# Set temperature thresholds (in millidegrees)
# Fan starts at 57°C
echo 57000 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_auto_point1_temp
# Fan reaches max at 90°C
echo 90000 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/temp1_auto_point2_temp
```

```bash
# Set PWM values for temperature points
# Minimum fan speed (at 57°C)
echo 75 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_point1_pwm
# Maximum fan speed (at 90°C)
echo 180 > /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-0/0-002e/pwm1_auto_point2_pwm
```

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