### Fio Example Command for Performance Testing

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

This command demonstrates a typical fio setup for testing read and write performance with specific I/O depths, sizes, rates, and block sizes. It's useful for generating the example output shown in the documentation.

```bash
TZ=UTC fio --ioengine=null --iodepth=2 --size=100M --numjobs=2 \
	--rate_process=poisson --io_limit=32M --name=read --bs=128k \
	--rate=11M --name=write --rw=write --bs=2k --rate=700k
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (All Interfaces, Custom Port)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on all available network interfaces on a specified port.

```bash
fio --server=,4444
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (IPv6)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on IPv6 localhost and a specified port.

```bash
fio --server=ip6:::1,4444
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server Backend

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts the fio server backend. This is typically done on the machine that will be running the workload.

```bash
server# fio --server
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (Default)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on all interfaces on the default port (8765).

```bash
fio --server
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (Specific IP, Default Port)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on a specific IP address on the default port.

```bash
fio --server=1.2.3.4
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (Unix Domain Socket)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on a local Unix domain socket.

```bash
fio --server=sock:/tmp/fio.sock
```

--------------------------------

### Command Line Equivalent for Basic Job File

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Shows the equivalent command-line arguments for the basic job file example.

```bash
fio --name=global --rw=randread --size=128m --name=job1 --name=job2
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Block Size Configuration Examples

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Examples demonstrating how to specify block sizes for reads, writes, and trims using the 'bs' option. A single value applies to all, while comma-separated values allow per-type specification.

```shell
bs=256k
```

```shell
bs=8k,32k
```

```shell
bs=8k,32k,
```

```shell
bs=,8k
```

```shell
bs=,8k,
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server (Specific IP and Port)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Starts a Fio server listening on a specific IP address associated with a hostname and a custom port.

```bash
fio --server=ip:hostname,4444
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Command for Generating Example Output

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

This command is used to generate example output for Fio, demonstrating various I/O operations and configurations.

```bash
TZ=UTC fio --iodepth=8 --ioengine=null --size=100M --runtime=58m \
	--time_based --rate=2512k --bs=256K --numjobs=10 \
	--name=readers --rw=read --name=writers --rw=write
```

--------------------------------

### Start Fio Server

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Starts a fio server listening on specified arguments. Arguments define the listening type (TCP/IP v4, v6, or Unix domain socket), hostname/IP, and port.

```bash
$ fio --server=args
```

```bash
fio --server
```

```bash
fio --server=ip:hostname,4444
```

```bash
fio --server=ip6:::1,4444
```

```bash
fio --server=,4444
```

```bash
fio --server=1.2.3.4
```

```bash
fio --server=sock:/tmp/fio.sock
```

--------------------------------

### Running fio with Command-Line Options

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Alternative to job files for specifying parameters directly on the command line. Each --name starts a new job.

```bash
$ fio --name=myjob --iodepth=2 --filename=mydata.bin --rw=randrw
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Client/Server Mode Setup

Source: https://context7.com/axboe/fio/llms.txt

Configure and run fio in client/server mode to distribute benchmarks across multiple machines. The server listens for commands, and the client directs the tests.

```bash
# On the storage server (192.168.1.100):
fio --server

# On the client machine:
fio --client=192.168.1.100 remote-test.fio

# With multiple servers from host file:
echo "192.168.1.100" > hosts.txt
echo "192.168.1.101" >> hosts.txt
fio --client=hosts.txt distributed-test.fio

# Output aggregates results from all servers:
# Run status group 0 (all jobs):
#    READ:bw=4.5GiB/s, iops=1.2M, run=60001-60002msec

```

--------------------------------

### Fio Block Size Range Configuration Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Example of configuring a range of block sizes for I/O units using the 'bsrange' option. The delimiter can be a comma or a colon.

```shell
bsrange=1k-4k,2k-8k
```

--------------------------------

### Linux Disk Statistics Output Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

This example displays Linux-specific disk statistics as reported by fio, including I/O counts, sectors transferred, merge counts, disk busy ticks, time spent in queue, and overall disk utilization.

```text
Disk stats (read/write):
  sda: ios=16398/16511, sectors=32321/65472, merge=30/162, ticks=6853/819634, in_queue=826487, util=100.00%
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Buffer Pattern Examples

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Examples of how to specify buffer patterns in fio. Patterns can be strings, integers, or hexadecimal values, and can be combined.

```shell
buffer_pattern='filename'
```

```shell
buffer_pattern="abcd"
```

```shell
buffer_pattern=-12
```

```shell
buffer_pattern=0xdeadface
```

```shell
buffer_pattern=0xdeadface"abcd"-12'filename'
```

--------------------------------

### Mount Cgroup

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Example command to mount a cgroup blkio filesystem. This is a prerequisite for using the `cgroup` option in Fio.

```bash
# mount -t cgroup -o blkio none /cgroup
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Group Statistics Output Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

This example shows the aggregated performance statistics for a group of fio jobs, including read and write bandwidth, total I/O performed, and the runtime range of the jobs within the group.

```text
Run status group 0 (all jobs):
   READ: bw=20.9MiB/s (21.9MB/s), 10.4MiB/s-10.8MiB/s (10.9MB/s-11.3MB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=2973-3069msec
  WRITE: bw=1231KiB/s (1261kB/s), 616KiB/s-621KiB/s (630kB/s-636kB/s), io=64.0MiB (67.1MB), run=52747-53223msec
```

--------------------------------

### Building Fio on 64-bit Windows with Cygwin

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/README.rst

Steps to compile fio on 64-bit Windows using Cygwin. Ensure necessary mingw64 packages, including mingw64-x86_64-zlib for log compression, are installed.

```bash
make clean && make -j
```

--------------------------------

### Building Fio for 32-bit Windows

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/README.rst

To build fio for 32-bit Windows, install the i686 versions of Cygwin packages and run configure with the --build-32bit-win flag before compiling.

```bash
./configure --build-32bit-win
```

--------------------------------

### TAP Output Format Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/mock-tests/README.md

Illustrates the Test Anything Protocol (TAP) output format, showing test success (ok) and failure (not ok) with descriptions.

```text
TAP version 13
1..12
ok 1 - Microsecond latency: 123456000 == 123456000
ok 2 - Millisecond latency: 1234567890000 == 1234567890000
not ok 3 - Some failing test
# All tests passed
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Job File: Poisson Request Flow

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Example fio job file demonstrating how to simulate a Poisson process for request submission to achieve a fixed submission rate, regardless of device completion rates.

```ini
[poisson-rate-submit]
size=128m
rw=randread
ioengine=libaio
iodepth=32
direct=1
# by setting the submit mode to offload, we can guarantee a fixed rate of
# submission regardless of what the device completion rate is.
io_submit_mode=offload
rate_iops=50
# Real world random request flow follows Poisson process. To give better
# insight on latency distribution, we simulate request flow under Poisson
# process.
rate_process=poisson

```

--------------------------------

### Zipf Distribution Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Use the zipf distribution with a theta of 1.2. This skews random I/O to favor certain data blocks.

```shell
random_distribution=zipf:1.2
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Keyword Arithmetic Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Demonstrates using arithmetic expressions with Fio's reserved keywords. Keywords are automatically substituted with current system values.

```default
size=8*$mb_memory
```

--------------------------------

### Command Line Invocation with Environment Variables

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Example of how to set environment variables before running a fio job file.

```bash
$ SIZE=64m NUMJOBS=4 fio jobfile.fio
```

--------------------------------

### Create a New Mock Test File

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/mock-tests/README.md

Example C code for a new mock test file using the TAP library. It initializes TAP, declares the number of tests, asserts conditions, and returns the test status.

```c
#include "../lib/tap.h"

int main(void) {
    tap_init();
    tap_plan(3);  // Number of tests

    tap_ok(1 == 1, "Basic equality");
    tap_ok(2 + 2 == 4, "Addition works");
    tap_skip("Not implemented yet");

    return tap_done();
}
```

--------------------------------

### Job File for Sequential Read/Write

Source: https://context7.com/axboe/fio/llms.txt

Create a job file to run multiple phases with different workload characteristics using INI-style configuration. This example defines sequential read and write phases.

```ini
; seq-rw-test.fio - Sequential read/write benchmark
[global]
ioengine=libaio
direct=1
bs=1m
size=10G
runtime=60
time_based
group_reporting

; Sequential read phase
[seq-read]
rw=read
iodepth=16
numjobs=4

; Sequential write phase (runs after read completes)
[seq-write]
stonewall
rw=write
iodepth=16
numjobs=4
```

```bash
# Run the job file
fio seq-rw-test.fio

# Output shows results for each job section:
# seq-read: (groupid=0, jobs=4): err= 0
#    read: IOPS=3850, BW=3850MiB/s ...
# seq-write: (groupid=1, jobs=4): err= 0
#    write: IOPS=2200, BW=2200MiB/s ...
```

--------------------------------

### Read 4 files with aio at different depths

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Example of reading from multiple files concurrently using 'libaio' with varying I/O depths for each file.

```ini
; Read 4 files with aio at different depths
[global]
ioengine=libaio
buffered=0
rw=randread
bs=128k
size=512m
directory=/data1

[file1]
iodepth=4

[file2]
iodepth=32

[file3]
iodepth=8

[file4]
iodepth=16
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Command for IOPS Rate Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

This command demonstrates setting a specific IOPS rate for Fio operations, useful for performance testing.

```bash
TZ=UTC fio --iodepth=16 --ioengine=posixaio --filename=/tmp/fiofile \
	--direct=1 --size=100M --time_based --runtime=50s --rate_iops=89 \
	--bs=7K --name=Client1 --rw=write
```

--------------------------------

### Integrate Mock Tests into CI

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/mock-tests/README.md

Shows how to integrate FIO mock tests into a CI script. The first example simply checks for test success, while the second uses 'prove -v' for more detailed TAP output parsing.

```bash
# In CI script
make mock-tests || exit 1
```

```bash
prove -v mock-tests/build/*
```

--------------------------------

### Fio JSON+ Output Example (Completion Latency Bins)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

The JSON+ output format is identical to JSON output but includes a full dump of completion latency bins. Each bin shows the count of I/Os within a specific latency duration.

```json
{
    "fio_version": 3,
    "jobname": "test",
    "groupid": 1,
    "error": 0,
    "read": {
        "kb": 1024,
        "bw": 10240,
        "iops": 2560,
        "runtime": 100,
        "slat": {
            "min": 100,
            "max": 1000,
            "mean": 500,
            "dev": 100
        },
        "clat": {
            "min": 1000,
            "max": 5000,
            "mean": 3000,
            "dev": 500
        },
        "tlat": {
            "min": 1100,
            "max": 6000,
            "mean": 3500,
            "dev": 600
        },
        "bw_min": 9000,
        "bw_max": 11000,
        "bw_agg_pct": 95,
        "bw_mean": 10240,
        "bw_dev": 500
    },
    "write": {
        "kb": 2048,
        "bw": 20480,
        "iops": 5120,
        "runtime": 200,
        "slat": {
            "min": 150,
            "max": 1200,
            "mean": 600,
            "dev": 150
        },
        "clat": {
            "min": 1500,
            "max": 6000,
            "mean": 4000,
            "dev": 700
        },
        "tlat": {
            "min": 1650,
            "max": 7200,
            "mean": 4600,
            "dev": 850
        },
        "bw_min": 18000,
        "bw_max": 23000,
        "bw_agg_pct": 98,
        "bw_mean": 20480,
        "bw_dev": 1000
    },
    "cpu": {
        "user": 10.5,
        "sys": 5.2,
        "csw": 100,
        "mjf": 0,
        "minf": 0
    },
    "iodepth": {
        "1": 10,
        "2": 20,
        "4": 30,
        "8": 40,
        "16": 50,
        "32": 60,
        "64": 70
    },
    "bins": {
        "87552": 1,
        "89600": 1,
        "94720": 1,
        "96768": 1,
        "97792": 1,
        "99840": 1,
        "100864": 2,
        "103936": 6,
        "104960": 534,
        "105984": 5995,
        "107008": 7529
    },
    "disk_name": "/dev/sda",
    "disk_read_iops": 3000,
    "disk_write_iops": 6000,
    "disk_read_merges": 50,
    "disk_write_merges": 100,
    "disk_read_ticks": 10000,
    "disk_write_ticks": 20000,
    "disk_queue_time": 500,
    "disk_util": "75.5%"
}
```

--------------------------------

### Merging and Scaling Blktrace Files with Fio

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Example command to merge and scale blktrace files. Scalars are applied index-wise to the input trace files to adjust their speed. Iterations can also be specified to match runtimes.

```bash
$ fio --read_iolog="<trace_a>:<trace_b>" --merge_blktrace_file"<output_file>" --merge_blktrace_scalars="50:100" --merge_blktrace_iters="2:1"
```

--------------------------------

### Offset Modifier for Random I/O in Fio

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Appends a number to a random I/O pattern to specify the number of I/Os to perform before getting a new offset. For example, `rw=randread:8` generates a new random offset for every 8 I/Os.

```default
rw=randread:8
```

--------------------------------

### Run Mock Tests from Directory

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/mock-tests/README.md

Navigate to the 'mock-tests' directory and use 'make test' to run all tests, 'make test-tap' for TAP harness output, or 'make test-<test_name>' for a specific test.

```bash
cd mock-tests
make test
```

```bash
make test-tap
```

```bash
make test-latency_precision
```

--------------------------------

### Build Fio from Source

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/README.rst

Standard build process for Fio. Requires GNU make. Ensure you are in the Fio source directory.

```bash
$ ./configure
$ make
$ make install
```

--------------------------------

### Start New Reporting Group

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Use 'new_group' to explicitly start a new reporting group. If not specified, all jobs in a file belong to the same group unless separated by 'stonewall'.

```text
new_group
```

--------------------------------

### Example Fio Runtime Output

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

An example of the status output displayed by fio while a job is running, showing job progress, read/write rates, IOPS, and estimated time remaining.

```text
Jobs: 1 (f=1): [_(1),M(1)][24.8%][r=20.5MiB/s,w=23.5MiB/s][r=82,w=94 IOPS][eta 01m:31s]
```

--------------------------------

### Example Terse Output (v2)

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

This is an example of fio's terse output format, version 2. It provides a single line of semicolon-separated values for scripted analysis. The job description, if provided, follows on a second line.

```default
2;card0;0;0;7139336;121836;60004;1;10109;27.932460;116.933948;220;126861;3495.446807;1085.368601;226;126864;3523.635629;1089.012448;24063;99944;50.275485%;59818.274627;5540.657370;7155060;122104;60004;1;8338;29.086342;117.839068;388;128077;5032.488518;1234.785715;391;128085;5061.839412;1236.909129;23436;100928;50.287926%;59964.832030;5644.844189;14.595833%;19.394167%;123706;0;7313;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;0.1%;100.0%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.01%;0.02%;0.05%;0.16%;6.04%;40.40%;52.68%;0.64%;0.01%;0.00%;0.01%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%;0.00%
```

--------------------------------

### Build fio for ESX

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Enable building fio for ESX environments using the --esx switch with configure.

```bash
./configure --esx
```

--------------------------------

### Libblkio Pre-Start Properties Configuration

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Configure additional libblkio properties to be set before starting.

```APIDOC
## libblkio_pre_start_props=str : [libblkio]

A colon-separated list of additional libblkio properties to be set after
connecting but before starting the libblkio instance. Each property must
have the format `<name>=<value>`. Colons can be escaped as `\:`. 
These are set after the engine sets any other properties, so those can
be overridden. Available properties depend on the libblkio version in use
and are listed at
[https://libblkio.gitlab.io/libblkio/blkio.html#properties](https://libblkio.gitlab.io/libblkio/blkio.html#properties)
```

--------------------------------

### Merging Blktrace Files Only Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Command to create only the merged blktrace file without further processing.

```bash
$ fio --merge-blktrace-only
```

--------------------------------

### Run All Mock Tests with Make

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/mock-tests/README.md

Execute all available mock tests using the 'make mock-tests' command. This is the primary way to run the entire suite.

```bash
make mock-tests
```

--------------------------------

### View available documentation formats

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

List all supported output formats for fio documentation generation.

```bash
make -C doc help
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Final Job Statistics

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

This is an example of the detailed statistics Fio displays for a job after it completes or is interrupted. It includes IOPS, bandwidth, latency, and more.

```text
Client1: (groupid=0, jobs=1): err= 0: pid=16109: Sat Jun 24 12:07:54 2017
  write: IOPS=88, BW=623KiB/s (638kB/s)(30.4MiB/50032msec)
    slat (nsec): min=500, max=145500, avg=8318.00, stdev=4781.50
    clat (usec): min=170, max=78367, avg=4019.02, stdev=8293.31
     lat (usec): min=174, max=78375, avg=4027.34, stdev=8291.79
    clat percentiles (usec):
     |  1.00th=[  302],  5.00th=[  326], 10.00th=[  343], 20.00th=[  363],
     | 30.00th=[  392], 40.00th=[  404], 50.00th=[  416], 60.00th=[  445],
     | 70.00th=[  816], 80.00th=[ 6718], 90.00th=[12911], 95.00th=[21627],
     | 99.00th=[43779], 99.50th=[51643], 99.90th=[68682], 99.95th=[72877],
     | 99.99th=[78119]
   bw (  KiB/s): min=  532, max=  686, per=0.10%, avg=622.87, stdev=24.82, samples=  100
   iops        : min=   76, max=   98, avg=88.98, stdev= 3.54, samples=  100
  lat (usec)   : 250=0.04%, 500=64.11%, 750=4.81%, 1000=2.79%
```

--------------------------------

### Enable ACT Prep Phase

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

When set, this option runs the preparation phase of the ACT workload.

```bash
prep
```

--------------------------------

### io_uring Benchmark Configuration

Source: https://context7.com/axboe/fio/llms.txt

Configure fio to use the io_uring engine for high-performance asynchronous I/O. This setup is optimized for modern Linux systems.

```ini
; io_uring-test.fio - High-performance io_uring benchmark
[global]
ioengine=io_uring
direct=1
bs=4k
size=8G
runtime=60
time_based
group_reporting

[io_uring-randread]
rw=randread
iodepth=128
numjobs=4
hipri=1
fixedbufs=1
registerfiles=1
sqthread_poll=1
filename=/dev/nvme0n1

```

--------------------------------

### Running Fio

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/README.rst

Basic command to run fio. Provide job files and options as parameters. Multiple job files will be serialized.

```bash
$ fio [options] [jobfile] ...
```

--------------------------------

### Terse Output Format - Disk Utilization Section Example

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Indicates that for disk utilization, all disks used by fio will have a corresponding section in the terse output.

```default

```

--------------------------------

### Steady-State Detection Configuration

Source: https://context7.com/axboe/fio/llms.txt

Configure fio to automatically detect when performance stabilizes (steady state) for accurate measurements. This example uses IOPS variance.

```ini
; steady-state.fio - Run until steady state is reached
[global]
ioengine=libaio
direct=1
rw=randwrite
bs=4k
size=100G
time_based
runtime=3600
iodepth=32
numjobs=4
filename=/dev/nvme0n1
group_reporting

; Stop when IOPS variance drops below 5%
steadystate=iops:5%
steadystate_duration=60s
steadystate_ramp_time=300s

```

--------------------------------

### I/O Advice Hinting

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Utilizes `posix_fadvise(2)` to provide hints to the kernel about expected I/O patterns.

```APIDOC
## I/O Advice Hinting

### Description
Uses `posix_fadvise(2)` to inform the kernel about anticipated I/O patterns, potentially optimizing performance.

### Option

- **fadvise_hint=str**
    Specifies the type of advice to give the kernel.
    Accepted values:
    - **0**: No hint provided (backwards-compatible).
    - **1**: Advise based on fio workload type (backwards-compatible). Uses `FADV_RANDOM` for random workloads and `FADV_SEQUENTIAL` for sequential workloads.
    - **sequential**: Advise using `FADV_SEQUENTIAL`.
    - **random**: Advise using `FADV_RANDOM`.
    - **noreuse**: (Description incomplete in source text)
```

--------------------------------

### Generating Fio Documentation

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/README.rst

Commands to build Fio's documentation in HTML or man page format using Sphinx. Use 'make -C doc help' to see all supported output formats.

```bash
make -C doc html
```

```bash
make -C doc man
```

```bash
make -C doc help
```

--------------------------------

### Fio Client Connecting to Multiple Servers

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/HOWTO.rst

Demonstrates how a Fio client can connect to and manage workloads on multiple Fio servers simultaneously.

```bash
fio --client=<server1> <job file(s)> --client=<server2> <job file(s)>
```

--------------------------------

### Build man page documentation

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Generate the manual page for fio. The man page will be located at doc/output/man/fio.1.

```bash
make -C doc man
```

--------------------------------

### Wait for Preceding Jobs

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Use `stonewall` or `wait_for_previous` to make the current job wait for all preceding jobs in the job file to exit before starting. This creates serialization points.

```text
stonewall
```

```text
wait_for_previous
```

--------------------------------

### Invalidate Cache Before I/O

Source: https://github.com/axboe/fio/blob/master/doc/fio_doc.md

Invalidates buffer/page cache parts of files before starting I/O, if supported by the platform and file type. Defaults to true. Ignored if pre_read is specified.

```default
invalidate=bool
```