### Start Windows 10 Installation

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Launches the Windows 10 installer, allocating 4GB RAM and booting from the provided ISO. Networking is configured via user mode.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=win10.qcow2 \
-drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=win10.iso -boot order=d \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Start Ubuntu Installation in QEMU

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Boots the QEMU VM from the Ubuntu ISO to begin the installation process. Ensure the `start.sh` script is executable and adjust RAM (`-m 4G`) as needed.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ubuntu.qcow2 \
-drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=ubuntu.iso -boot order=d \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Installed Windows 10

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Starts the installed Windows 10 VM after installation, booting from the hard disk with 4GB RAM and user-mode networking.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=win10.qcow2 \
-boot order=c \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Start Windows XP Installation

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Launches the Windows XP installer, allocating 4GB RAM and booting from the provided ISO. Networking is configured via user mode.

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=winxp.qcow2 \
-drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=winxp.iso -boot order=d \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Installed Windows 11 with TPM Support

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Starts the installed Windows 11 VM after setup, booting from the hard disk with 8GB RAM, 2 SMP cores, tablet input, and user-mode networking. Assumes SWTPM is installed and configured.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda win11.qcow2 -boot c \
-smp 2 -m 8G -usbdevice tablet \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Start Windows 11 Installation with Tablet Input

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Launches the Windows 11 installer, allocating 4GB RAM and booting from the ISO. Includes `-usbdevice tablet` for improved mouse pointer accuracy and user-mode networking.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -hda win11.qcow2 -cdrom win11.iso -boot d \
-smp 2 -m 4G -usbdevice tablet \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Installed Windows XP

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Starts the installed Windows XP VM after installation, booting from the hard disk with 4GB RAM and user-mode networking.

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=winxp.qcow2 \
-boot order=c \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Installed Ubuntu from Disk in QEMU

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Boots the QEMU VM from the installed Ubuntu system on the disk image after the installation is complete. The ISO is no longer needed.

```bash
qemu-system-x86_64 -m 4G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ubuntu.qcow2 \
-boot order=c \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Create QEMU Disk Image

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Creates a growable QCOW2 disk image for the Ubuntu installation. Use this command before starting the QEMU VM for the first time.

```bash
qemu-img create -f qcow2 ubuntu.qcow2 80G
```

--------------------------------

### Dependency Graph Example

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:AGX-driver-notes

Visualizes the dependency graph for the command submission example, showing explicit and implied ordering.

```text
[C*]->[R1]----+----\
   [C1]------+|---vv
   [C2]-----+||->[R3]-v
            vvv      [R4]
            [R2]------^
```

--------------------------------

### Install Homebrew package manager

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/Tethered-boot-setup-on-macOS

Installs the Homebrew package manager on macOS. This is the recommended way to install required software for the m1n1 setup.

```shell
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
```

--------------------------------

### Create Windows 11 VM Startup Script

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/windows-11-vm.md

This script configures and launches a Windows 11 ARM64 virtual machine using QEMU. It optimizes CPU core allocation, specifies VM hardware, and mounts ISOs for installation and drivers. Adjust ISO filenames if they differ.

```shell
#!/bin/sh

performance_cores=$(awk '
  /^processor/ { proc=$3 }
  /^CPU part/ {
    if ($4 == "0x023" || $4 == "0x025" || $4 == "0x029" || $4 == "0x033" || $4 == "0x035" || $4 == "0x039")
      procs=procs ? procs","proc : proc
  } END { print procs }
' /proc/cpuinfo)

taskset -c "$performance_cores" \
  qemu-system-aarch64 \
    -display sdl,gl=on \
    -cpu host \
    -M virt \
    -enable-kvm \
    -m 2G \
    -smp 2 \
    -bios /usr/share/edk2/aarch64/QEMU_EFI.fd \
    -hda win11.qcow2 \
    -device qemu-xhci \
    -device ramfb \
    -device usb-storage,drive=install \
    -drive if=none,id=install,format=raw,media=cdrom,file=windows-11.iso \
    -device usb-storage,drive=virtio-drivers \
    -drive if=none,id=virtio-drivers,format=raw,media=cdrom,file=virtio-win.iso \
    -object rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=rng0 \
    -device virtio-rng-pci,rng=rng0 \
    -audio driver=pipewire,model=virtio \
    -device usb-kbd \
    -device usb-tablet \
    -nic user,model=virtio-net-pci

```

--------------------------------

### Install Konsole terminal emulator

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup-x11.md

Installs Konsole, a feature-rich terminal emulator for the KDE desktop environment, usable with other X11 setups.

```bash
apt install konsole
```

--------------------------------

### Serve Documentation Locally with Zensical

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/README.md

Run this command to build and serve the documentation locally for testing. Ensure Zensical is installed as a Python package.

```bash
$ zensical serve
```

--------------------------------

### Start X server

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup-x11.md

Attempts to start the X Window System. If issues arise, check the Xorg log file for errors.

```bash
startx
```

--------------------------------

### Complete Debian Rootfs Setup

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup-usb.md

After entering the chroot environment, run this command to finalize the debootstrap installation.

```bash
/debootstrap/debootstrap --second-stage
```

--------------------------------

### Parse Get Action List Response

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/HW:USB-PD

The response to the 'Get Action List' command contains the VDM header and a list of supported action IDs. This example shows a typical response from an M1 Mac Mini.

```text
5ac8010
>VDM 5AC8010
<VDM RX SOP'DEBUG (7) [704F] 5AC8050 46060606 2060301 3060106 1050303 8030809 1030000
                             ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare and Mount USB Drive for Rootfs

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup-nvme.md

Use fdisk to partition a USB drive, format the partition with ext4, and mount it to copy the root filesystem. Assumes the USB drive is /dev/sdb and the first partition is used.

```bash
sudo fdisk /dev/sdb
```

```bash
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
```

```bash
sudo mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/img
```

```bash
sudo cp -a debinst/. /mnt/img
```

```bash
sudo umount /mnt/img
```

--------------------------------

### Start ReactOS VM with Networking

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Launches the ReactOS virtual machine with 3GB RAM, booting from the CD-ROM. It uses a user-mode network backend with a rtl8139 network device.

```bash
qemu-system-i386 -m 3G -drive if=ide,index=0,media=disk,file=ReactOS.qcow2 \
-drive if=ide,index=2,media=cdrom,file=ReactOS.iso -boot order=d \
-serial stdio -netdev user,id=n0 -device rtl8139,netdev=n0
```

--------------------------------

### Install Archived macOS Installer Package

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Hypervisor

Install an archived macOS installer package using the `installer` command. This method is useful for older versions that may not be available through standard channels.

```bash
sudo installer -pkg 12.3\ 21E230\ (Release).pkg -target /
```

--------------------------------

### Clone and Build QEMU with SLIRP Support

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Clones the QEMU repository, initializes and updates submodules, builds and installs libslirp, and then configures and builds QEMU with SLIRP enabled for user networking.

```bash
git clone https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu.git

cd qemu

git submodule init

git submodule update

git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/slirp/libslirp

cd libslirp

meson build

ninja -C build install

cd ..

mkdir build

cd build

../configure --enable-slirp

make -j$(nproc)

sudo make install
```

--------------------------------

### Download Full macOS Installer

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Hypervisor

Fetch a specific version of the macOS full installer using the softwareupdate command. The installer will be placed in the Applications folder and may self-delete after installation.

```bash
softwareupdate --fetch-full-installer --full-installer-version 12.3
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python Dependencies for m1n1

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/Tethered-Boot-Setup-(For-Developers)

Installs the required Python modules for interacting with m1n1. Ensure Python 3.9 or later is installed.

```shell
pip3 install --user pyserial construct serial.tool
```

--------------------------------

### Load and Run Guest with m1n1

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup.md

Use `run_guest.py` to load the combined .macho image with the m1n1 hypervisor. This command initiates the hypervisor and prepares the system for the guest OS.

```python
python3.9 proxyclient/tools/run_guest.py -S m1n1-payload.macho
```

--------------------------------

### Hypervisor Boot Process Log

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup.md

This log details the hypervisor's actions during guest boot-up, including memory remapping, peripheral initialization, and CPU startup. It concludes with jumping to the guest's entry point.

```log
Disabling other iodevs...
 - IODEV.UART
 - IODEV.FB
 - IODEV.USB1
 - IODEV.USB0_SEC
 - IODEV.USB1_SEC
Doing essential MMIO remaps...
Updating page tables...
PT[200000000:235200000] -> HW
PT[235200000:235204000] -> RESERVED VUART
PT[235204000:23b700420] -> HW
PT[23b700420:23b700424] -> RESERVED PMU HACK
PT[23b700424:23d280088] -> HW
PT[23d280088:23d28008c] -> RESERVED PMU HACK
PT[23d28008c:23d280098] -> HW
PT[23d280098:23d28009c] -> RESERVED PMU HACK
PT[23d28009c:700000000] -> HW
Improving logo...
Shutting down framebuffer...
Enabling SPRR...
Enabling GXF...
Jumping to entrypoint at 0x81b118800
Pass: mrs x0, HID5_EL1 = 2082df50e700df14 (HID5_EL1)
Pass: msr HID5_EL1, x0 = 2082df50e700df14 (OK) (HID5_EL1)
Pass: mrs x0, EHID9_EL1 = 600000811 (EHID9_EL1)
Pass: msr EHID9_EL1, x0 = 600000811 (OK) (EHID9_EL1)
Pass: mrs x0, EHID10_EL1 = 3000528002788 (EHID10_EL1)
Pass: msr EHID10_EL1, x0 = 3000528002788 (OK) (EHID10_EL1)
Pass: mrs x0, EHID20_EL1 = 618100 (EHID20_EL1)
Pass: msr EHID20_EL1, x0 = 618100 (OK) (EHID20_EL1)
Pass: mrs x0, EHID20_EL1 = 618100 (EHID20_EL1)
Pass: msr EHID20_EL1, x0 = 618100 (OK) (EHID20_EL1)

```

--------------------------------

### Install img4tool using Homebrew tap

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/Tethered-boot-setup-on-macOS

Installs the img4tool utility by adding a custom Homebrew tap and then installing the package. This is an optional step.

```shell
brew tap aderuelle/homebrew-tap
brew install img4tool
```

--------------------------------

### Build and Install libgeneral

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/Tethered-boot-setup-on-macOS

Clone, build, and install the libgeneral dependency. Ensure it's installed in the specified dependencies directory to avoid system conflicts.

```shell
cd ~/asahi
git clone https://github.com/tihmstar/libgeneral.git
cd libgeneral
./autogen.sh
./configure --prefix=/Users/alexis/asahi/deps
make && make install
```

--------------------------------

### Format and Mount NVMe Partition

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup-nvme.md

After creating a FAT32 partition on the NVMe drive, format it with ext4 and mount it. This example assumes the NVMe drive is /dev/nvme0n1 and the target partition is p4.

```bash
fdisk -l /dev/nvme0n1
```

```bash
mkfs.ext4 /dev/nvme0n1p4
```

```bash
mount /dev/nvme0n1p4 /mnt
```

--------------------------------

### Download and Prepare ReactOS ISO

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Downloads the ReactOS 32-bit nightly boot CD and extracts the ISO file. Ensure you have 7z installed (`sudo apt install p7zip-full`).

```bash
wget reactos-32bit-bootcd-nightly.7z

7z x reactos-32bit-bootcd-nightly.7z

mv reactos*.iso ReactOS.iso
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python and Construct Package

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/RE:Kernelcache

Install pip for Python 3 and then use pip3 to install the 'construct' Python package, which is required for the machodump.py script.

```bash
 apt install python3-pip
 pip3 install construct
```

--------------------------------

### Install QEMU and Dependencies on Ubuntu Asahi

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/SW:Ubuntu-Asahi-Qemu

Installs necessary packages for QEMU compilation and virtual machine management. Ensure you have sufficient disk space.

```bash
sudo apt -y install git libglib2.0-dev libfdt-dev \
libpixman-1-dev zlib1g-dev ninja-build \
git-email libaio-dev libbluetooth-dev \
libcapstone-dev libbrlapi-dev libbz2-dev \
libcap-ng-dev libcurl4-gnutls-dev libgtk-3-dev \
libibverbs-dev libjpeg8-dev libncurses5-dev \
libnuma-dev librbd-dev librdmacm-dev \
libsasl2-dev libsdl2-dev libseccomp-dev \
libsnappy-dev libssh-dev \
libvde-dev libvdeplug-dev libvte-2.91-dev \
libxen-dev liblzo2-dev valgrind xfslibs-dev \
libnfs-dev libiscsi-dev flex bison meson \
qemu-utils virt-manager
```

--------------------------------

### Install Python Dependencies on macOS (MacPorts)

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/platform/dev-quickstart.md

Alternatively, you can use MacPorts to install Python 3.9 and pip, then install the dependencies. MacPorts provides a native build for M1 architecture.

```shell
$ sudo su -
$ port install python39 py39-pip
$ pip install pyserial construct
```

--------------------------------

### Install U-Boot by Concatenating Binaries

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/wiki/U-Boot

Installs a custom U-Boot build by concatenating m1n1, DTBs, and U-Boot. This process requires root privileges and a backup of the original boot.bin.

```bash
cat build/m1n1.bin /path/to/dtbs/*.dtb <(gzip -c /path/to/uboot/u-boot-nodtb.bin) > /boot/efi/m1n1/boot.bin
```

--------------------------------

### Download Debian Installer Initrd

Source: https://github.com/asahilinux/docs/blob/main/docs/sw/linux-bringup.md

Download the 27MB initrd (initial RAM disk) for the Debian arm64 installer. This file is used to boot the Debian installer on the M1 Mac.

```bash
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/buster/main/installer-arm64/current/images/netboot/debian-installer/arm64/initrd.gz
```