### Install DescTools Package

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.md

Instructions for installing the DescTools package from CRAN or the development version from GitHub.

```R
install.packages("DescTools")

if (!require("remotes")) install.packages("remotes")
remotes::install_github("AndriSignorell/DescTools")
```

--------------------------------

### Install RDCOMClient for MS-Office Integration

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.md

Commands to install the RDCOMClient package required for MS-Office features, which is restricted to Windows systems.

```R
install.packages("RDCOMClient", repos="http://www.omegahat.net/R")

url <- "http://www.omegahat.net/R/bin/windows/contrib/4.2/RDCOMClient_0.96-1.zip"
install.packages(url, repos = NULL, type = "binary")
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Animation Setup Utilities (st, ut, lt)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Helper functions for setting up animations. 'st' creates properties for animating box model dimensions and opacity. 'ut' finds the appropriate tween for a given property. 'lt' is the main animation function that orchestrates the entire animation process.

```javascript
function st(e,t){var n,r=0,i={height:e};
for(t=t?1:0;r<4;r+=2-t)i["margin"+(n=ne[r])]=i["padding"+n]=e;
return t&&(i.opacity=i.width=e),i}
function ut(e,t,n){for(var r,i=(lt.tweeners[t]||[]).concat(lt.tweeners["*"]),o=0,a=i.length;o<a;o++)if(r=i[o].call(n,t,e))return r}
function lt(o,e,t){var n,a,r=0,i=lt.prefilters.length,s=S.Deferred().always(function(){delete u.elem}),u=function(){if(a)return!1;for(var e=Ze||at(),t=Math.max(0,l.startTime+l.duration-e),n=1-(t/l.duration||0),r=0,i=l.tweens.length;r<i;r++)l.tweens[r].run(n);return s.notifyWith(o,[l,n,t]),n<1&&i?t:(i||s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l]),!1)},l=s.promise({elem:o,props:S.extend({},e),opts:S.extend(!0,{specialEasing:{},easing:S.easing._default},t),originalProperties:e,originalOptions:t,startTime:Ze||at(),duration:t.duration,tweens:[],createTween:function(e,t){var n=S.Tween(o,l.opts,e,t,l.opts.specialEasing[e]||l.opts.easing);return l.tweens.push(n),n},stop:function(e){var t=0,n=e?l.tweens.length:0;if(a)return this;for(a=!0;t<n;t++)l.tweens[t].run(1);return e?(s.notifyWith(o,[l,1,0]),s.resolveWith(o,[l,e])):s.rejectWith(o,[l,e]),this}}),c=l.props;for(!function(e,t){var n,r,i,o,a;for(n in e)if(i=t[r=X(n)],o=e[n],Array.isArray(o)&&(i=o[1],o=e[n]=o[0]),n!==r&&(e[r]=o,delete e[n]),(a=S.cssHooks[r])&&"expand"in a)for(n in o=a.expand(o),delete e[r],o)n in e||(e[n]=o[n],t[n]=i);else t[r]=i}(c,l.opts.specialEasing);r<i;r++)if(n=lt.prefilters[r].call(l,o,c,l.opts))return m(n.stop)&&(S._queueHooks(l.elem,l.opts.queue).stop=n.stop.bind(n)),n;return S.map(c,ut,l),m(l.opts.start)&&l.opts.start.call(o,l),l.progress(l.opts.progress).done(l.opts.done,l.opts.complete).fail(l.opts.fail).always(l.opts.always),S.fx.timer(S.extend(u,{elem:o,anim:l,queue:l.opts.queue})),l}
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Form Value Handling

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Methods for getting and setting the value of form elements like input, textarea, and select. Includes specific handling for different input types and options.

```javascript
S.fn.extend({
    val: function(n) {
        var r, e, i, t = this[0];
        return arguments.length ? (i = m(n), this.each(function(e) {
            var t;
            1 === this.nodeType && (null == (t = i ? n.call(this, e, S(this).val()) : n) ? t = "" : "number" == typeof t ? t += "" : Array.isArray(t) && (t = S.map(t, function(e) {
                return null == e ? "" : e + ""
            })), (r = S.valHooks[this.type] || S.valHooks[this.nodeName.toLowerCase()]) && "set" in r && void 0 !== r.set(this, t, "value") || (this.value = t))
        })) : t ? (r = S.valHooks[t.type] || S.valHooks[t.nodeName.toLowerCase()]) && "get" in r && void 0 !== (e = r.get(t, "value")) ? e : "string" == typeof(e = t.value) ? e.replace(yt, "") : null == e ? "" : e : void 0
    }
}), S.extend({
    valHooks: {
        option: {
            get: function(e) {
                var t = S.find.attr(e, "value");
                return null != t ? t : ht(S.text(e))
            }
        },
        select: {
            get: function(e) {
                var t, n, r, i = e.options, o = e.selectedIndex, a = "select-one" === e.type, s = a ? null : [], u = a ? o + 1 : i.length;
                for (r = o < 0 ? u : a ? o : 0; r < u; r++)
                    if (((n = i[r]).selected || r === o) && !n.disabled && (!n.parentNode.disabled || !A(n.parentNode, "optgroup"))) {
                        if (t = S(n).val(), a) return t;
                        s.push(t)
                    }
                return s
            },
            set: function(e, t) {
                var n, r, i = e.options, o = S.makeArray(t), a = i.length;
                while (a--)
                    ((r = i[a]).selected = -1 < S.inArray(S.valHooks.option.get(r), o)) && (n = !0);
                return n || (e.selectedIndex = -1), o
            }
        }
    }
}), S.each(["radio", "checkbox"], function() {
    S.valHooks[this] = {
        set: function(e, t) {
            if (Array.isArray(t)) return e.checked = -1 < S.inArray(S(e).val(), t)
        },
        y.checkOn || (S.valHooks[this].get = function(e) {
            return null === e.getAttribute("value") ? "on" : e.value
        })
    }
});
```

--------------------------------

### Load and Demonstrate DescTools

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.md

Commands to load the library and run built-in demonstrations for descriptive statistics and plotting.

```R
library(DescTools)
demo(describe, package = "DescTools")
demo(plots, package = "DescTools")
```

--------------------------------

### Initialize and Configure Bootstrap Tooltip

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

This snippet demonstrates the core constructor and initialization logic for the Bootstrap tooltip plugin. It manages event delegation, state tracking for hover/focus, and default configuration options.

```javascript
var c = function(a, b) {
  this.type = null;
  this.options = null;
  this.enabled = null;
  this.timeout = null;
  this.hoverState = null;
  this.$element = null;
  this.inState = null;
  this.init("tooltip", a, b);
};

c.DEFAULTS = {
  animation: true,
  placement: "top",
  selector: false,
  trigger: "hover focus",
  title: "",
  delay: 0,
  html: false,
  container: false
};
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Property Hooks (_default, scrollTop)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Defines default and specific property hooks for jQuery animations. The default hook handles getting and setting element properties or CSS values. The scrollTop hook specifically manages scroll position animations.

```javascript
Ke.propHooks={
    _default:{
        get:function(e){
            var t;
            return 1!==e.elem.nodeType||null!=e.elem[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[e.prop]?e.elem[e.prop]:(t=S.css(e.elem,e.prop,""))&&"auto"!==t?t:0
        },
        set:function(e){
            S.fx.step[e.prop]?S.fx.step[e.prop](e):1!==e.elem.nodeType||!S.cssHooks[e.prop]&&null==e.elem.style[ze(e.prop)]?e.elem[e.prop]=e.now:S.style(e.elem,e.prop,e.now+e.unit)
        }
    }
};
Ke.propHooks.scrollTop={
    set:function(e){
        e.elem.nodeType&&e.elem.parentNode&&(e.elem[e.prop]=e.now)
    }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Format Data with DescTools

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Demonstrates how to format numbers with leading zeros, handle matrices/data frames, and define reusable format templates.

```R
Format(c(1.5, 12.34, 0.5), digits = 2, ldigits = 3)
m <- matrix(rnorm(12), nrow = 3)
Format(m, digits = 2, big.mark = ",")
Fmt(num = as.fmt(digits = 2, big.mark = "'"))
Fmt(per = as.fmt(digits = 1, fmt = "%"))
Format(1234.567, fmt = Fmt("num"))
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Data Management Functions

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Provides functions to get, set, and remove data associated with DOM elements. It differentiates between internal data (`_data`) and data set via the `data-*` attributes (`data`). Handles various data types including JSON-parsed values.

```javascript
S.extend({hasData:function(e){return Q.hasData(e)||Y.hasData(e)},data:function(e,t,n){return Q.access(e,t,n)},removeData:function(e,t){Q.remove(e,t)},
_data:function(e,t,n){return Y.access(e,t,n)},
_removeData:function(e,t){Y.remove(e,t)}}),S.fn.extend({data:function(n,e){var t,r,i,o=this[0],a=o&&o.attributes;
if(void 0===n){
if(this.length&&(i=Q.get(o),1===o.nodeType&&!Y.get(o,"hasDataAttrs"))){
t=a.length;
while(t--)a[t]&&(0===(r=a[t].name).indexOf("data-")&&(r=X(r.slice(5))),Z(o,r,i[r]));
Y.set(o,"hasDataAttrs",!0)
}
return i
}
return"object"==typeof n?this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n)}):$(this,function(e){var t;
if(o&&void 0===e)return void 0!==(t=Q.get(o,n))?t:void 0!==(t=Z(o,n))?t:void 0;
this.each(function(){Q.set(this,n,e)})},null,e,1<arguments.length,null,!0)
}},removeData:function(e){return this.each(function(){Q.remove(this,e)})}})
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Animation Core (Ke.prototype.init)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

The core initialization function for jQuery animations. It calculates the current animation frame's value based on easing, start and end points, and duration. It also handles calling custom step functions and default property setters.

```javascript
function(e){var t,n=Ke.propHooks[this.prop];return this.options.duration?this.pos=t=S.easing[this.easing](e,this.options.duration*e,0,1,this.options.duration):this.pos=t=e,this.now=(this.end-this.start)*t+this.start,this.options.step&&this.options.step.call(this.elem,this.now,this),n&&n.set?n.set(this):Ke.propHooks._default.set(this)}}).init.prototype=Ke.prototype
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Popover Initialization

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Extends the tooltip prototype to create the popover component. It requires the tooltip.js dependency and defines default settings for popover-specific templates and triggers.

```javascript
var c = function(a, b) {
  this.init("popover", a, b);
};
if (!a.fn.tooltip) throw new Error("Popover requires tooltip.js");
c.VERSION = "3.3.5";
c.prototype = a.extend({}, a.fn.tooltip.Constructor.prototype);
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Animation Tweeners and Prefilters

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Defines how different property types are animated (tweeners) and provides hooks for modifying animations before they start (prefilters). The default "*" tweener handles most properties, and prefilters can alter animation behavior based on element state or animation options.

```javascript
S.Animation=S.extend(lt,{
    tweeners:{
        "*":[function(e,t){var n=this.createTween(e,t);return se(n.elem,e,te.exec(t),n),n}
    ],
    tweener:function(e,t){m(e)?(t=e,e=["*"]):(e=e.match(P));for(var n,r=0,i=e.length;r<i;r++)n=e[r],lt.tweeners[n]=lt.tweeners[n]||[],lt.tweeners[n].unshift(t)}
    },
    prefilters:[
        function(e,t,n){
            var r,i,o,a,s,u,l,c="width"in t||"height"in t,
            p=this,
            d={},
            h=e.style,
            g=e.nodeType&&ae(e),
            v=Y.get(e,"fxshow");
            for(r in n.queue||
            (null==(a=S._queueHooks(e,"fx")).unqueued&&(a.unqueued=0,s=a.empty.fire,a.empty.fire=function(){a.unqueued||s()}),a.unqueued++,
            p.always(function(){
                p.always(function(){
                    a.unqueued--,
                    S.queue(e,"fx").length||
a.empty.fire()
                })
            })),
t)
            if(i=t[r],rt.test(i)){
                if(delete t[r],o=o||"toggle"===i,i===(g?"hide":"show")){
                    if("show"!==i||
                    !v||
                    void 0===v[r])continue;
                    g=!0
                }
                d[r]=v&&v[r]||
                S.style(e,r)
            }
            if((u=!S.isEmptyObject(t))||
            !S.isEmptyObject(d)){
                for(r in c&&1===e.nodeType&&(
                    n.overflow=[h.overflow,h.overflowX,h.overflowY],
                    null==(l=v&&v.display)&&(l=Y.get(e,"display")),
                    "none"===(c=S.css(e,"display"))&&(
                        l?c=l:
                        (le([e],!0),l=e.style.display||
l,
                        c=S.css(e,"display"))
                    ),
                    ("inline"===c||"inline-block"===c&&null!=l)&&"none"===S.css(e,"float")&&
                    (u||
                    (p.done(function(){h.display=l}),
                    null==l&&(
                        c=h.display,
                        l="none"===c?"":c
                    ))),
                    h.display="inline-block"
                )),
                n.overflow&&
                (h.overflow="hidden",p.always(function(){
                    h.overflow=n.overflow[0],
                    h.overflowX=n.overflow[1],
                    h.overflowY=n.overflow[2]
                })),
                u=!1,
                d)
                u||
                (v?"hidden"in v&&
                (g=v.hidden):
                v=Y.access(e,"fxshow",{display:l}),
                o&&
                (v.hidden=!g),
                g&&
                le([e],!0)),
                u=ut(g?v[r]:0,r,p),
                r in v||
                (v[r]=u.start,
                g&&
                (u.end=u.start,
                u.start=0))
            }
        }
    ],
    prefilter:function(e,t){t?lt.prefilters.unshift(e):lt.prefilters.push(e)}}
)
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Tooltip Positioning and Lifecycle

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Methods for calculating element placement, handling viewport adjustments, and managing the tooltip lifecycle. These functions ensure the tooltip appears in the correct location relative to the target element and handles transitions.

```javascript
c.prototype.applyPlacement = function(b, c) {
  var d = this.tip(), e = d[0].offsetWidth, f = d[0].offsetHeight;
  // ... positioning logic ...
  d.offset(b);
  this.replaceArrow(m, d[0][n], l);
};
c.prototype.hide = function(b) {
  var e = this, f = a(this.$tip);
  // ... hide logic ...
  f.removeClass("in");
};
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Modal Prototype Methods

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Core prototype methods for managing modal lifecycle, including showing, hiding, and backdrop rendering. These methods handle event triggering, CSS class toggling, and transition emulation.

```javascript
c.prototype.show=function(b){var d=this,e=a.Event("show.bs.modal",{relatedTarget:b});this.$element.trigger(e),this.isShown||e.isDefaultPrevented()||(this.isShown=!0,this.checkScrollbar(),this.setScrollbar(),this.$body.addClass("modal-open"),this.escape(),this.resize(),this.$element.on("click.dismiss.bs.modal",'[data-dismiss="modal"]',a.proxy(this.hide,this)),this.$dialog.on("mousedown.dismiss.bs.modal",function(){d.$element.one("mouseup.dismiss.bs.modal",function(b){a(b.target).is(d.$element)&&(d.ignoreBackdropClick=!0)})}),this.backdrop(function(){var e=a.support.transition&&d.$element.hasClass("fade");d.$element.parent().length||d.$element.appendTo(d.$body),d.$element.show().scrollTop(0),d.adjustDialog(),e&&d.$element[0].offsetWidth,d.$element.addClass("in"),d.enforceFocus();var f=a.Event("shown.bs.modal",{relatedTarget:b});e?d.$dialog.one("bsTransitionEnd",function(){d.$element.trigger("focus").trigger(f)}).emulateTransitionEnd(c.TRANSITION_DURATION):d.$element.trigger("focus").trigger(f)}))};c.prototype.hide=function(b){b&&b.preventDefault(),b=a.Event("hide.bs.modal"),this.$element.trigger(b),this.isShown&&!b.isDefaultPrevented()&&(this.isShown=!1,this.escape(),this.resize(),a(document).off("focusin.bs.modal"),this.$element.removeClass("in").off("click.dismiss.bs.modal").off("mouseup.dismiss.bs.modal"),this.$dialog.off("mousedown.dismiss.bs.modal"),a.support.transition&&this.$element.hasClass("fade")?this.$element.one("bsTransitionEnd",a.proxy(this.hideModal,this)).emulateTransitionEnd(c.TRANSITION_DURATION):this.hideModal())};
```

--------------------------------

### Create Publication-Ready Table 1 Summaries (R)

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Generates 'Table 1' summaries of baseline characteristics, automatically selecting appropriate statistics for continuous, categorical, and dichotomous variables, including statistical tests. Allows for custom statistics functions and tests.

```R
library(DescTools)

# Set formats
Fmt(abs = as.fmt(digits = 0, big.mark = "'"))
Fmt(per = as.fmt(digits = 1, fmt = "%" ))
Fmt(num = as.fmt(digits = 1, big.mark = "'"))

# Basic Table 1 stratified by group
TOne(
  x = d.pizza[, c("temperature", "delivery_min", "driver", "wine_ordered")],
  grp = d.pizza$quality
)

# Without grouping
TOne(x = d.pizza[, c("temperature", "delivery_min", "driver", "wine_ordered")])

# Custom statistics function (median/IQR instead of mean/SD)
TOne(
  iris[, -5],
  iris[, 5],
  FUN = function(x) {
    gettextf("%s / %s",
      Format(median(x, na.rm = TRUE), digits = 1),
      Format(IQR(x, na.rm = TRUE), digits = 3))
  }
)

# Custom tests (ANOVA instead of Kruskal-Wallis)
TOne(
  x = iris[, -5],
  grp = iris[, 5],
  TEST = list(
    num = list(fun = function(x, g) summary(aov(x ~ g))[[1]][1, "Pr(>F)"],
               lbl = "ANOVA"),
    cat = list(fun = function(x, g) chisq.test(table(x, g))$p.val,
               lbl = "Chi-Square test"),
    dich = list(fun = function(x, g) fisher.test(table(x, g))$p.val,
                lbl = "Fisher exact test")
  )
)

# Suppress tests
TOne(x = d.pizza[, c("temperature", "driver")], grp = d.pizza$area, TEST = NA)
```

--------------------------------

### CSS for Navigation Elements

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Provides base styles for navigation lists ('nav' class) and specifically for tabbed navigation ('nav-tabs' class). It includes styling for list items, links, active states, and hover effects, ensuring proper display and interaction.

```css
.nav{padding-left:0;margin-bottom:0;list-style:none}.nav>li{position:relative;display:block}.nav>li>a{position:relative;display:block;padding:10px 15px}.nav>li>a:focus,.nav>li>a:hover{text-decoration:none;background-color:#eee}.nav>li.disabled>a{color:#777}.nav>li.disabled>a:focus,.nav>li.disabled>a:hover{color:#777;text-decoration:none;cursor:not-allowed;background-color:transparent}.nav .open>a,.nav .open>a:focus,.nav .open>a:hover{background-color:#eee;border-color:#337ab7}.nav .nav-divider{height:1px;margin:9px 0;overflow:hidden;background-color:#e5e5e5}.nav>li>a>img{max-width:none}.nav-tabs{border-bottom:1px solid #ddd}.nav-tabs>li{float:left;margin-bottom:-1px}.nav-tabs>li>a{margin-right:2px;line-height:1.42857143;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px 4px 0 0}.nav-tabs>li>a:hover{border-color:#eee #eee #ddd}.nav-tabs>li.active>a,.nav-tabs>li.active>a:focus,.nav-tabs>li.active>a:hover{color:#555;cursor:default;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd;border-bo
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Alert Component Initialization

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Initializes the alert plugin and handles the closing functionality for elements with the data-dismiss attribute. It manages CSS transitions and DOM removal upon alert dismissal.

```javascript
+function(a){ "use strict"; function b(b){ return this.each(function(){ var c=a(this),e=c.data("bs.alert"); e||c.data("bs.alert",e=new d(this)),"string"==typeof b&&e[b].call(c) }) } var c='[data-dismiss="alert"]',d=function(b){ a(b).on("click",c,this.close) }; d.VERSION="3.3.5"; d.prototype.close=function(b){ /* ... implementation ... */ }; var e=a.fn.alert; a.fn.alert=b; }(jQuery);
```

--------------------------------

### Info Button Styling (CSS)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Styles for informational buttons, using a cyan color scheme. Covers hover, focus, active, and disabled states for consistent UI feedback.

```css
.btn-info{color:#fff;background-color:#5bc0de;border-color:#46b8da}.btn-info.focus,.btn-info:focus{color:#fff;background-color:#31b0d5;border-color:#1b6d85}.btn-info:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#31b0d5;border-color:#269abc}.btn-info.active,.btn-info:active,.open>.dropdown-toggle.btn-info{color:#fff;background-color:#31b0d5;border-color:#269abc}.btn-info.active.focus,.btn-info.active:focus,.btn-info.active:hover,.btn-info:active.focus,.btn-info:active:focus,.btn-info:active:hover,.open>.dropdown-toggle.btn-info.focus,.open>.dropdown-toggle.btn-info:focus,.open>.dropdown-toggle.btn-info:hover{color:#fff;background-color:#269abc;border-color:#1b6d85}.btn-info.active,.btn-info:active,.open>.dropdown-toggle.btn-info{background-image:none}.btn-info.disabled,.btn-info.disabled.active,.btn-info.disabled.focus,.btn-info.disabled:active,.btn-info.disabled:focus,.btn-info.disabled:hover,.btn-info[disabled],.btn-info[disabled].active,.btn-info[disabled].focus,.btn-info[disabled]:active,.btn-info[disabled]:focus,.btn-info[disabled]:hover,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info.active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info.focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:active,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:focus,fieldset[disabled] .btn-info:hover{background-color:#5bc0de;border-color:#46b8da}.btn-info .badge{color:#5bc0de;background-color:#fff}
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate Binomial Proportion Confidence Intervals with BinomCI()

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Computes confidence intervals for binomial proportions using methods like Wilson, Clopper-Pearson, and Agresti-Coull. Supports vectorized inputs and sample size estimation via BinomCIn().

```R
library(DescTools)
# Basic usage with Wilson method
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43)
# Compare multiple methods
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43, method = c("wilson", "clopper-pearson", "agresti-coull", "jeffreys"))
# Vectorized inputs
BinomCI(x = c(42, 35, 23, 22), n = 43, method = "wilson")
# Sample size calculation
BinomCIn(p = 0.5, width = 0.1, conf.level = 0.95, method = "wilson")
```

--------------------------------

### jQuery Library Initialization

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

The core jQuery v3.6.0 library implementation. It provides a robust API for DOM manipulation, event handling, and AJAX requests.

```javascript
!function(e,t){"use strict";"object"==typeof module&&"object"==typeof module.exports?module.exports=e.document?t(e,!0):function(e){if(!e.document)throw new Error("jQuery requires a window with a document");return t(e)}:t(e)}("undefined"!=typeof window?window:this,function(C,e){...});
```

--------------------------------

### Function to Build Tabsets from HTML Sections

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

A JavaScript function 'buildTabsets' that converts HTML elements with the class 'section tabset' into Bootstrap-style tab interfaces. It supports 'fade' and 'pills' options, determines tab levels based on heading hierarchy, and dynamically creates navigation lists and content panes. It also integrates with the sticky tabs functionality if the 'tabset-sticky' class is present.

```javascript
window.buildTabsets = function(tocID) {
    function buildTabset(tabset) {
        var fade = tabset.hasClass("tabset-fade");
        var pills = tabset.hasClass("tabset-pills");
        var navClass = pills ? "nav-pills" : "nav-tabs";
        var match = tabset.attr('class').match(/level(\d) /);
        if (match === null) return;
        var tabsetLevel = Number(match[1]);
        var tabLevel = tabsetLevel + 1;
        var tabs = tabset.find("div.section.level" + tabLevel);
        if (!tabs.length) return;
        var tabList = $('<ul class="nav ' + navClass + '" role="tablist"></ul>');
        $(tabs[0]).before(tabList);
        var tabContent = $('<div class="tab-content"></div>');
        $(tabs[0]).before(tabContent);
        var activeTab = 0;
        tabs.each(function(i) {
            var tab = $(tabs[i]);
            var id = tab.attr('id');
            if (tab.hasClass('active')) activeTab = i;
            $("div#" + tocID + " li a[href='#" + id + "']").parent().remove();
            id = id.replace(/[[.\/?&!#<>]/g, '').replace(/\s/g, '_');
            tab.attr('id', id);
            var heading = tab.find('h' + tabLevel + ':first');
            var headingText = heading.html();
            heading.remove();
            var a = $('<a role="tab" data-toggle="tab">' + headingText + '</a>');
            a.attr('href', '#' + id);
            a.attr('aria-controls', id);
            var li = $('<li role="presentation"></li>');
            li.append(a);
            tabList.append(li);
            tab.attr('role', 'tabpanel');
            tab.addClass('tab-pane');
            tab.addClass('tabbed-pane');
            if (fade) tab.addClass('fade');
            tab.detach().appendTo(tabContent);
        });
        $(tabList.children('li')[activeTab]).addClass('active');
        var active = $(tabContent.children('div.section')[activeTab]);
        active.addClass('active');
        if (fade) active.addClass('in');
        if (tabset.hasClass("tabset-sticky")) tabset.rmarkdownStickyTabs();
    }
    var tabsets = $("div.section.tabset");
    tabsets.each(function(i) {
        buildTabset($(tabsets[i]));
    });
};
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate Binomial Ratio Confidence Intervals

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/man/BinomRatioCI.rd

Demonstrates how to use the BinomRatioCI function to calculate confidence intervals for the ratio of two binomial proportions using different statistical methods like Katz and Koopman.

```R
# From Koopman (1984)

BinomRatioCI(x1 = 36, n1 = 40, x2 = 16, n2 = 80, method = "katz")
BinomRatioCI(x1 = 36, n1 = 40, x2 = 16, n2 = 80, method = "koop")
```

--------------------------------

### Modal Scrollbar and Layout Management

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Utility methods to calculate scrollbar width and adjust body padding to prevent layout shifts when modals are opened or closed.

```javascript
c.prototype.measureScrollbar=function(){var a=document.createElement("div");a.className="modal-scrollbar-measure",this.$body.append(a);var b=a.offsetWidth-a.clientWidth;return this.$body[0].removeChild(a),b};c.prototype.setScrollbar=function(){var a=parseInt(this.$body.css("padding-right")||0,10);this.originalBodyPad=document.body.style.paddingRight||"",this.bodyIsOverflowing&&this.$body.css("padding-right",a+this.scrollbarWidth)};
```

--------------------------------

### BinomCI - Confidence Intervals for Binomial Proportions

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Computes confidence intervals for binomial proportions using multiple methods including Wilson (default), Clopper-Pearson (exact), Agresti-Coull, Jeffreys, Wald, and others. Supports vectorized input, one-sided intervals, and argument recycling.

```APIDOC
## BinomCI - Confidence Intervals for Binomial Proportions

### Description
Computes confidence intervals for binomial proportions using various statistical methods. Supports vectorized input, one-sided intervals, and argument recycling.

### Method
R Function

### Endpoint
N/A (R Package Function)

### Parameters
#### Path Parameters
N/A

#### Query Parameters
N/A

#### Request Body
N/A

### Request Example
```R
library(DescTools)

# Basic usage with Wilson method (default, recommended)
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43)

# Compare multiple methods
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43, method = c("wilson", "clopper-pearson", "agresti-coull", "jeffreys"))

# Vectorized: multiple x values with same n
BinomCI(x = c(42, 35, 23, 22), n = 43, method = "wilson")

# Different x and n values
BinomCI(x = c(42, 35, 23, 22), n = c(50, 60, 70, 80), method = "jeffreys")

# One-sided confidence interval (left = greater alternative)
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43, sides = "left", conf.level = 0.95)

# 99% confidence interval
BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43, conf.level = 0.99)

# Sample size calculation for desired CI width
BinomCIn(p = 0.5, width = 0.1, conf.level = 0.95, method = "wilson")
```

### Response
#### Success Response (200)
Returns a matrix or vector containing the estimated proportion and the lower and upper bounds of the confidence interval.

#### Response Example
```
# For BinomCI(x = 37, n = 43):
#        est       lci       uci
# 0.8604651 0.7263302 0.9367082

# For BinomCIn():
# [1] 385  (required sample size)
```
```

--------------------------------

### Responsive Visibility Utility Classes

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

CSS utility classes to show or hide elements based on specific screen size breakpoints. These classes use !important to ensure consistent behavior across different device widths.

```css
@media (max-width:767px) {
  .visible-xs { display: block !important; }
}
@media (min-width:768px) and (max-width:991px) {
  .visible-sm { display: block !important; }
}
@media (min-width:992px) and (max-width:1199px) {
  .visible-md { display: block !important; }
}
@media (min-width:1200px) {
  .visible-lg { display: block !important; }
}
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Tab Component Management (JavaScript)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

This snippet outlines the JavaScript implementation for managing Bootstrap's Tab component. It enables users to switch between different content panes using clickable tabs. The code handles showing tabs, activating tab elements, and managing transitions, including fade effects and ARIA attributes for accessibility.

```javascript
var d=a.fn.tab;a.fn.tab=b,a.fn.tab.Constructor=c,a.fn.tab.noConflict=function(){return a.fn.tab=d,this};var e=function(c){
```

--------------------------------

### Clearfix and Layout Utility Classes

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Standard utility classes for clearing floats and managing element display properties. These are essential for maintaining layout integrity in grid-based systems.

```css
.clearfix:after, .clearfix:before { display: table; content: " "; }
.clearfix:after { clear: both; }
.center-block { display: block; margin-right: auto; margin-left: auto; }
.pull-right { float: right !important; }
.pull-left { float: left !important; }
.hide { display: none !important; }
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Scrollspy Component Initialization (JavaScript)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

This code demonstrates the initialization and functionality of the Bootstrap Scrollspy component. It tracks scroll position to automatically update active navigation links based on the visible section of the page. It includes methods for refreshing offsets, processing scroll events, activating targets, and clearing active states.

```javascript
a(window).on("load.bs.scrollspy.data-api",function(){a('[data-spy="scroll"]').each(function(){var b=a(this);c.call(b,b.data())})})}(jQuery)
```

--------------------------------

### Bootstrap Affix Component (jQuery)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Implements the Bootstrap affix component, which pins elements to the viewport when scrolling past a specified offset. It handles affixing to the top or bottom based on scroll position and target element dimensions. Requires jQuery.

```javascript
function b(b){return this.each(function(){var d=a(this),e=d.data("bs.affix"),f="object"==typeof b&&b;e||d.data("bs.affix",e=new c(this,f)),"string"==typeof b&&e[b]()})}var c=function(b,d){this.options=a.extend({},c.DEFAULTS,d),this.$target=a(this.options.target).on("scroll.bs.affix.data-api",a.proxy(this.checkPosition,this)).on("click.bs.affix.data-api",a.proxy(this.checkPositionWithEventLoop,this)),this.$element=a(b),this.affixed=null,this.unpin=null,this.pinnedOffset=null,this.checkPosition()};c.VERSION="3.3.5",c.RESET="affix affix-top affix-bottom",c.DEFAULTS={offset:0,target:window},c.prototype.getState=function(a,b,c,d){var e=this.$target.scrollTop(),f=this.$element.offset(),g=this.$target.height();if(null!=c&&"top"==this.affixed)return c>e?"top":!1;if("bottom"==this.affixed)return null!=c?e+this.unpin<=f.top?!1:"bottom":a-d>=e+g?!1:"bottom";var h=null==this.affixed,i=h?e:f.top,j=h?g:b;return null!=c&&c>=e?"top":null!=d&&i+j>=a-d?"bottom":!1},c.prototype.getPinnedOffset=function(){if(this.pinnedOffset)return this.pinnedOffset;this.$element.removeClass(c.RESET).addClass("affix");var a=this.$target.scrollTop(),b=this.$element.offset();return this.pinnedOffset=b.top-a},c.prototype.checkPositionWithEventLoop=function(){setTimeout(a.proxy(this.checkPosition,this),1)},c.prototype.checkPosition=function(){if(this.$element.is(":visible")){var b=this.$element.height(),d=this.options.offset,e=d.top,f=d.bottom,g=Math.max(a(document).height(),a(document.body).height());"object"!=typeof d&&(f=e=d),"function"==typeof e&&(e=d.top(this.$element)),"function"==typeof f&&(f=d.bottom(this.$element));var h=this.getState(g,b,e,f);if(this.affixed!=h){null!=this.unpin&&this.$element.css("top","");var i="affix"+(h?"-"+h:""),j=a.Event(i+".bs.affix");if(this.$element.trigger(j),j.isDefaultPrevented())return;this.affixed=h,this.unpin="bottom"==h?this.getPinnedOffset():null,this.$element.removeClass(c.RESET).addClass(i).trigger(i.replace("affix","affixed")+".bs.affix")}}"bottom"==h&&this.$element.offset({top:g-b-f})}};var d=a.fn.affix;a.fn.affix=b,a.fn.affix.Constructor=c,a.fn.affix.noConflict=function(){return a.fn.affix=d,this},a(window).on("load",function(){a('\\[data-spy="affix"\\]').each(function(){var c=a(this),d=c.data();d.offset=d.offset||{},null!=d.offsetBottom&&(d.offset.bottom=d.offsetBottom),null!=d.offsetTop&&(d.offset.top=d.offsetTop),b.call(c,d)})})}(jQuery)
```

--------------------------------

### Flexible Number Formatting (R)

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Provides flexible number formatting with support for significant digits, fixed decimals, percentages, p-values with significance stars, and thousands separators. Also supports date formatting.

```R
library(DescTools)

# Fixed decimal places
Format(c(1234.5678, 0.00123, 99999.1), digits = 2)
# "1234.57" "0.00" "99999.10"

# With thousands separator
Format(c(1234567, 9999), digits = 0, big.mark = "'")
# "1'234'567" "9'999"

# Percentage format
Format(c(0.123, 0.456, 0.789), fmt = "%", digits = 1)
# "12.3%" "45.6%" "78.9%"

# P-value format with significance stars
Format(c(0.001, 0.05, 0.1, 0.5), fmt = "*")
# "0.001 ***" "0.050 *" "0.100 ." "0.500"
```

--------------------------------

### Pagination Styles (CSS)

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

Defines the styling for pagination controls, allowing users to navigate through multiple pages of content. Includes styles for list items, links, hover states, active pages, and disabled states. Also includes styles for large and small pagination variants.

```css
.pagination{display:inline-block;padding-left:0;margin:20px 0;border-radius:4px}.pagination>li{display:inline}.pagination>li>a,.pagination>li>span{position:relative;float:left;padding:6px 12px;margin-left:-1px;line-height:1.42857143;color:#337ab7;text-decoration:none;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #ddd}.pagination>li:first-child>a,.pagination>li:first-child>span{margin-left:0;border-top-left-radius:4px;border-bottom-left-radius:4px}.pagination>li:last-child>a,.pagination>li:last-child>span{border-top-right-radius:4px;border-bottom-right-radius:4px}.pagination>li>a:focus,.pagination>li>a:hover,.pagination>li>span:focus,.pagination>li>span:hover{z-index:3;color:#23527c;background-color:#eee;border-color:#ddd}.pagination>.active>a,.pagination>.active>a:focus,.pagination>.active>a:hover,.pagination>.active>span,.pagination>.active>span:focus,.pagination>.active>span:hover{z-index:2;color:#fff;cursor:default;background-color:#337ab7;border-color:#337ab7}.pagination>.disabled>a,.pagination>.disabled>a:focus,.pagination>.disabled>a:hover,.pagination>.disabled>span,.pagination>.disabled>span:focus,.pagination>.disabled>span:hover{color:#777;cursor:not-allowed;background-color:#fff;border-color:#ddd}.pagination-lg>li>a,.pagination-lg>li>span{padding:10px 16px;font-size:18px;line-height:1.3333333}.pagination-lg>li:first-child>a,.pagination-lg>li:first-child>span{border-top-left-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px}.pagination-lg>li:last-child>a,.pagination-lg>li:last-child>span{border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px}.pagination-sm>li>a,.pagination-sm>li>span{padding:5px 10px;font-size:12px;line-height:1.5}.pagination-sm>li:first-child>a,.pagination-sm>li:first-child>span{border-top-left-radius:3px;border-bottom-left-radius:3px}.pagination-sm>li:last-child>a,.pagination-sm>li:last-child>span{border-top-right-radius:3px;border-bottom-right-radius:3px}
```

--------------------------------

### Describe Data with Desc()

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

The Desc() function provides automated summaries for various data types including numeric, factor, and bivariate relationships. It supports formula interfaces and integrated plotting for quick data exploration.

```R
library(DescTools)
# Describe a numeric variable
Desc(d.pizza$temperature, main = "Temperature Analysis")
# Describe a factor variable
Desc(d.pizza$driver, main = "Driver Distribution")
# Describe relationship between two variables
Desc(temperature ~ driver, data = d.pizza)
# Describe a data frame
Desc(d.pizza[, c("temperature", "delivery_min", "driver")])
# Describe with plotting
Desc(d.pizza$temperature, plotit = TRUE)
```

--------------------------------

### Utility Functions for Data Manipulation

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Provides convenience functions for finding extreme values, range operators, calculating means, Gini coefficients, and data cleaning tasks like LOCF.

```R
library(DescTools)
Large(1:10, k = 3)
Small(1:10, k = 3)
x <- 1:10
x %[]% c(3, 7)
x %()% c(3, 7)
x %[)% c(3, 7)
Mode(c(1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4))
Gmean(c(1, 2, 4, 8))
Hmean(c(1, 2, 4, 8))
Gini(c(10, 20, 30, 40, 100))
Lc(c(10, 20, 30, 40, 100))
Recode(d.pizza$driver, "Carpenter" = "Team A", "Miller" = "Team A", "Taylor" = "Team B")
x <- c(1, NA, NA, 4, NA, 6)
LOCF(x)
Closest(c(1, 5, 10, 20), 8)
```

--------------------------------

### Sizzle.js Document and Element Handling Utilities

Source: https://github.com/andrisignorell/desctools/blob/master/README.html

This snippet includes utility functions for Sizzle.js related to document handling, element type checking, and support detection. It defines functions to set the document context, check if an element is an HTML element, and determine browser support for various features.

```javascript
function se(t,e,n,r){var i,o,a,s,u,l,c,f=e&&e.ownerDocument,p=e?e.nodeType:9;if(n=n||[],"string"!=typeof t||"!t||1!==p&&9!==p&&11!==p)return n;if(!r&&(T(e),e=e||C,E)){if(11!==p&&(u=Z.exec(t)))if(i=u[1]){if(9===p){if(!(a=e.getElementById(i)))return n;if(a.id===i)return n.push(a),n}else if(f&&(a=f.getElementById(i))&&y(e,a)&&a.id===i)return n.push(a),n}else{if(u[2])return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByTagName(t)),n;if((i=u[3])&&d.getElementsByClassName&&e.getElementsByClassName)return H.apply(n,e.getElementsByClassName(i)),n}if(d.qsa&&!N[t+
```

--------------------------------

### Calculate Median Confidence Intervals with MedianCI()

Source: https://context7.com/andrisignorell/desctools/llms.txt

Computes confidence intervals for the median using exact binomial methods or bootstrap approaches. Useful for non-parametric analysis of skewed data.

```R
library(DescTools)
x <- d.pizza$delivery_min[1:50]
# Exact CI for median
MedianCI(x, na.rm = TRUE)
# Bootstrap CI for median
MedianCI(x, method = "boot", type = "perc", na.rm = TRUE)
```