### Install Webmin Web Administration Interface

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Install the Webmin web administration tool by setting up its repository and then installing the package. This provides a feature-rich, traditional web interface for system administration.

```bash
wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/webmin/webmin/master/setup-repos.sh
chmod 755 setup-repos.sh && ./setup-repos.sh
apt-get install webmin --install-recommends
```

--------------------------------

### Install system utilities

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Install packages for terminal management and service discovery.

```bash
apt install xterm avahi-daemon smartmontools
```

--------------------------------

### Install evtest package

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Install the evtest utility to monitor input device events.

```bash
apt install evtest
```

--------------------------------

### Enable and start the service

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Reload systemd configuration and activate the new service.

```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable kbdactions.service
systemctl start kbdactions.service
```

--------------------------------

### Install iwd Package

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Install the iwd package using apt. This is the first step to enable iwd functionality.

```bash
apt install iwd
```

--------------------------------

### Setup Cross-Build Environment

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-cross-build-an-official-Debian-kernel-package-for-Lenovo-ix4‐300d

Configures the build environment for the specified architecture, feature set, and flavour. This prepares the system for the architecture-specific build.

```bash
fakeroot make -f debian/rules.gen setup_${ARCH}_${FEATURESET}_${FLAVOUR}
```

--------------------------------

### Mount and Prepare Chroot Environment

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Mounts the necessary system directories and enters the chroot environment to prepare for package installation.

```bash
mount --bind /dev /target/dev
mount -t proc none /target/proc
mount -t sysfs none /target/sys
chroot /target /bin/sh
apt-get update
apt-get install flash-kernel
```

--------------------------------

### Install Cockpit Server Management

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Installs Cockpit, a web-based graphical interface for managing server tasks.

```bash
apt install cockpit
```

--------------------------------

### Install Custom Kernel for LED Control

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Installs a custom kernel package required for GPIO-based LED control. This requires downloading a .deb file and installing it using dpkg.

```bash
# Install custom kernel with GPIO_74X164 support
wget https://github.com/alf45tar/debian-kernel/raw/main/kernel-packages/linux-image-6.1.0-23-armmp-lpae_6.1.99-1_armhf.deb
dpkg -i linux-image-6.1.0-23-armmp-lpae_6.1.99-1_armhf.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Install Fan Control Packages

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Installs necessary Python packages for the fan control script. Run this command before setting up the service.

```bash
apt install python3-periphery python3-pil python3-psutil python3-evdev
```

--------------------------------

### Install ALSA Utilities

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Installs the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA) utilities required for audio playback.

```bash
apt install libasound2 alsa-utils
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Enable LCD Service

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Installs necessary Python libraries and the LCD control script, then configures it as a systemd service for automatic startup. This ensures the LCD displays system information upon boot.

```bash
# Install LCD service
apt install python3-periphery python3-pil python3-psutil python3-evdev

mkdir -p /opt/ix4-300d
wget -P /opt/ix4-300d https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/main/lcd.py

cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/lcd.service
[Unit]
Description=Manage LCD display
After=default.target
[Service]
ExecStart=python3 /opt/ix4-300d/lcd.py
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable lcd.service
systemctl start lcd.service
```

--------------------------------

### Install Cockpit File Navigator Plugin

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Downloads and installs the Cockpit plugin for browsing, managing, and transferring files through the web interface.

```bash
wget https://github.com/45Drives/cockpit-navigator/releases/download/v0.5.10/cockpit-navigator_0.5.10-1focal_all.deb
```

```bash
apt install ./cockpit-navigator_0.5.10-1focal_all.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Configure iwd for WiFi

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Install the iwd network daemon and enable its built-in DHCP client for simplified WiFi configuration. Restart the service to apply changes.

```bash
apt install iwd
sed -i 's/#EnableNetworkConfiguration=true/EnableNetworkConfiguration=true/' /etc/iwd/main.conf

systemctl restart iwd.service
```

--------------------------------

### Manage System Services

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Commands to reload the systemd daemon, enable the fan service to start on boot, and start the fan service immediately.

```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable fan.service
systemctl start fan.service
```

--------------------------------

### Start macOS TFTP Server

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Load and start the built-in TFTP server on macOS using launchctl. The default TFTP root directory is /private/tftpboot.

```bash
sudo launchctl load -F /System/Library/LaunchDaemons/tftp.plist
sudo launchctl start com.apple.tftpd
```

--------------------------------

### Install fan.py script

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Download the custom fan control script to the system directory.

```bash
mkdir /opt/ix4-300d
wget -P /opt/ix4-300d https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/main/fan.py
```

--------------------------------

### Install Cockpit File Sharing Plugin

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Downloads and installs the Cockpit plugin for managing Samba and NFS file sharing.

```bash
wget https://github.com/45Drives/cockpit-identities/releases/download/v0.1.12/cockpit-identities_0.1.12-1focal_all.deb
```

```bash
wget https://github.com/45Drives/cockpit-file-sharing/releases/download/v3.2.9/cockpit-file-sharing_3.2.9-2focal_all.deb
```

```bash
apt intall ./cockpit-identities_0.1.12-1focal_all.deb ./cockpit-file-sharing_3.2.9-2focal_all.deb
```

--------------------------------

### U-Boot USB Boot Commands for Debian Installer

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Boots the Debian installer from a USB stick. Ensure the USB stick is in the rear upper port and formatted with ext2.

```bash
# At Marvell>> prompt, initialize USB subsystem
usb start
# Output: scanning bus for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found

# View USB device information (optional)
usb tree
usb info
usb part

# Stop USB before loading files
usb stop

# Load kernel and initrd from USB partition 1
ext2load usb 0:1 0x0040000 uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm
# Output: 5351835 bytes read
ext2load usb 0:1 0x2000000 uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm
# Output: 26337308 bytes read

# Set boot arguments and boot
setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10
bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Install Kernel on ix4-300d

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-cross-build-an-official-Debian-kernel-package-for-Lenovo-ix4‐300d

Installs the compiled kernel package on the ix4-300d device using dpkg. This command should be executed on the target device.

```bash
dpkg -i linux-image-6.1.99-1_armhf-lpae.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Example kbdactions script content

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

A sample script that triggers systemd services based on button input events.

```bash
#!/bin/bash

device='/dev/input/event0'
event_select_press='*code 314 (BTN_SELECT), value 1*'
event_select_release='*code 314 (BTN_SELECT), value 0*'
event_scroll_down_press='*code 178 (KEY_SCROLLDOWN), value 1*'
event_scroll_down_release='*code 178 (KEY_SCROLLDOWN), value 0*'
event_power='*code 116 (KEY_POWER), value 1*'
event_restart='*code 408 (KEY_RESTART), value 1*'

evtest "$device" | while read line; do
   case $line in
      ($event_select_press)        systemctl is-active --quiet webmin.service && systemctl stop webmin.service || systemctl restart webmin.service ;;
      ($event_select_release)      echo "SELECT release" ;;
      ($event_scroll_down_press)   systemctl restart lcd.service ;;
      ($event_scroll_down_release) echo "SCROLl DOWN release" ;;
      ($event_power)               echo "POWER" ;;
      ($event_restart)             echo "RESTART" ;;
   esac
done
```

--------------------------------

### Download Debian Installer Files

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Use wget to download the necessary kernel, initrd, and device tree files from the Debian website for the armhf architecture.

```bash
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/vmlinuz
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/initrd.gz
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/device-tree/armada-xp-lenovo-ix4-300d.dtb
```

--------------------------------

### U-Boot TFTP Boot Commands for Debian Installer

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Boots the Debian installer via TFTP. Requires network configuration and the boot image to be present on the TFTP server.

```bash
# At Marvell>> prompt, configure network
setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.111        # NAS IP address
setenv serverip 192.168.1.10       # TFTP server IP

# Verify network connectivity
ping 192.168.1.10
# Output: host 192.168.1.10 is alive

# Transfer and boot Debian installer
tftpboot uImage_di_ix4_300d_bookworm
# Output: Bytes transferred = 31689151 (1e3a03f hex)
bootm 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### USB WiFi Adapter Connection Log

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Example log output showing the detection and initialization of a USB WiFi adapter by the system.

```log
[ 1267.712422] usb 2-1: new high-speed USB device number 2 using xhci_hcd
[ 1267.874230] usb 2-1: New USB device found, idVendor=1737, idProduct=0073, bcdDevice= 2.00
[ 1267.882586] usb 2-1: New USB device strings: Mfr=1, Product=2, SerialNumber=3
[ 1267.889796] usb 2-1: Product: RTL8187B_WLAN_Adapter
[ 1267.894748] usb 2-1: Manufacturer: Manufacturer_Realtek
[ 1267.900041] usb 2-1: SerialNumber: 00e04c000001
[ 1268.671137] ieee80211 phy0: hwaddr 00:22:6b:da:ea:cb, RTL8187BvE V0 + rtl8225z2, rfkill mask 2
[ 1268.719600] rtl8187: Customer ID is 0x00
[ 1268.726537] rtl8187: wireless switch is on
[ 1268.732574] usbcore: registered new interface driver rtl8187
[ 1268.950444] rtl8187 2-1:1.0 wlx00226bdaeacb: renamed from wlan0
```

--------------------------------

### Configure System LED for Network Activity

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

This example demonstrates how to set the system's blue LED to indicate network activity on the 'bond0' interface. It requires loading the `ledtrig-netdev` module and configuring parameters for transmit (tx) and receive (rx) activity.

```bash
modprobe ledtrig-netdev;
echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/trigger;
echo bond0  > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/device_name;
echo 1      > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/link;
echo 1      > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/tx;
echo 1      > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/rx;
```

--------------------------------

### Install Custom Kernel Package

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-build-a-customised-kernel

Installs the newly built custom kernel package using `dpkg`. This command also configures the bootloader to use the new kernel.

```bash
dpkg -i ../linux-image-6.1.90-1_armhf-lpae.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Configure HDD LED for Disk Activity

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

This example sets the HDD blue LED to show disk activity. It uses the 'disk-activity' trigger and sets the brightness to '1' to enable the LED.

```bash
echo disk-activity > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:hdd:blue/trigger;
echo 1             > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:hdd:blue/brightness;
```

--------------------------------

### Bond Network Ports

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Setup instructions for bonding eth0 and eth1 using ifenslave for redundancy and increased throughput.

```bash
apt install ifenslave
```

```text
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Bond setup
auto bond0

iface bond0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.14
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   network 192.168.1.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   bond-slaves eth0 eth1
   bond-mode balance-rr
   bond-miimon 100
   bond-downdelay 200
   bond-updelay 200
```

```bash
systemctl restart networking.service
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Power LED for Heartbeat

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

This example configures the power white LED to display a heartbeat pattern, which is a hyperbolic function of the 1-minute CPU load average. It also inverts the LED's behavior.

```bash
echo heartbeat > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:power:white/trigger;
echo 1         > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:power:white/invert;
```

--------------------------------

### Manage LCD System Service

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Commands to reload the systemd daemon, enable the LCD service to start on boot, and start the LCD service immediately.

```bash
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable lcd.service
systemctl start lcd.service
```

--------------------------------

### Install Cockpit Web Administration Interface

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Install the Cockpit web administration tool and its plugins for file sharing and navigation. This provides a modern, browser-based interface for system management.

```bash
apt install cockpit

nano /etc/cockpit/disallowed-users  # Remove 'root' line

wget https://github.com/45Drives/cockpit-file-sharing/releases/download/v3.2.9/cockpit-file-sharing_3.2.9-2focal_all.deb
wget https://github.com/45Drives/cockpit-navigator/releases/download/v0.5.10/cockpit-navigator_0.5.10-1focal_all.deb
apt install ./cockpit-file-sharing_3.2.9-2focal_all.deb ./cockpit-navigator_0.5.10-1focal_all.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Install shairport-sync for AirPlay Speaker

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Install necessary packages for shairport-sync to enable AirPlay audio streaming. This transforms the NAS into an AirPlay-compatible audio receiver.

```bash
apt install libasound2 alsa-utils shairport-sync
```

--------------------------------

### Install Custom Kernel for LED Support

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Download and install a custom Debian kernel that includes the necessary CONFIG_GPIO_74X164 module for LED control. This is a prerequisite for accessing LEDs via /sys/class/leds.

```bash
wget https://github.com/alf45tar/debian-kernel/raw/main/kernel-packages/linux-image-6.1.0-23-armmp-lpae_6.1.99-1_armhf.deb
dpkg -i linux-image-6.1.0-23-armmp-lpae_6.1.99-1_armhf.deb
```

--------------------------------

### Bridge Network Ports

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Setup instructions for bridging eth0 and eth1 using bridge-utils.

```bash
apt install bridge-utils
```

```text
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# Set up interfaces manually, avoiding conflicts with, e.g., network manager
iface eth0 inet manual
iface eth1 inet manual
# Bridge setup
auto br0
iface br0 inet static
   bridge_ports eth0 eth1
      address 192.168.1.14
      broadcast 192.168.1.255
      netmask 255.255.255.0
      gateway 192.168.1.1
```

```bash
systemctl restart networking.service
```

--------------------------------

### Configure fan control and sensors

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Install monitoring tools and configure kernel modules for hardware sensors.

```bash
apt install lm-sensors fancontrol
```

```bash
cat << EOF > /etc/modules
#
# This file contains the names of kernel modules that should be loaded
# at boot time, one per line. Lines beginning with "#" are ignored.
# Parameters can be specified after the module name.

# Adapter drivers
i2c_mv64xxx

# Chip drivers
adt7475

# Hard disk temperature
drivetemp
EOF
```

```bash
reboot
```

```bash
root@lenovo:~# sensors-detect
# sensors-detect version 3.6.0
# Kernel: 6.1.0-11-armmp-lpae armv7l
```

--------------------------------

### Configure fancontrol settings

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Example configuration for /etc/fancontrol to manage fan speeds based on hard disk temperature.

```ini
# Configuration file generated by pwmconfig, changes will be lost
INTERVAL=10
DEVPATH=hwmon1=devices/platform/soc/soc:internal-regs/d0011000.i2c/i2c-0/0-002e hwmon3=devices/platform/soc/soc:pcie@82000000/pci0000:00/0000:00:01.0/0000:01:00.0/ata2/host1/target1:0:0/1:0:0:0
DEVNAME=hwmon1=adt7473 hwmon3=drivetemp
FCTEMPS= hwmon1/pwm1=hwmon3/temp1_input
FCFANS= hwmon1/pwm1=hwmon1/fan1_input
MINTEMP= hwmon1/pwm1=20
MAXTEMP= hwmon1/pwm1=60
MINSTART= hwmon1/pwm1=150
MINSTOP= hwmon1/pwm1=0
```

--------------------------------

### Install and Enable Fan Control Service

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Installs the fan control script and configures it as a systemd service to run automatically on boot. This ensures continuous fan speed management.

```bash
# Install fan control service
mkdir -p /opt/ix4-300d
wget -P /opt/ix4-300d https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/main/fan.py

cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/fan.service
[Unit]
Description=Fan Control
After=default.target
StartLimitIntervalSec=10min
StartLimitBurst=5
[Service]
ExecStart=python3 /opt/ix4-300d/fan.py
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=30
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable fan.service
systemctl start fan.service
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Kernel Image for U-Boot

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-cross-build-an-official-Debian-kernel-package-for-Lenovo-ix4‐300d

Creates the `uImage` and `uInitrd` files required by the U-Boot bootloader from the installed kernel and initrd.img. These commands are executed on the target device.

```bash
cd /boot
cat vmlinuz dtb > vmlinuz_ix4_300d
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel  -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000 -n "Linux Customized" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d uImage
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x2000000  -e 0x2000000  -n "Linux Customized" -d initrd.img       uInitrd
rm vmlinuz_ix4_300d
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Kernel Source Tree

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-build-a-customised-kernel

Installs the kernel source package and extracts it to the current directory. Ensure sufficient disk space (at least 20 GB).

```bash
apt install linux-source
tar -xf /usr/src/linux-source-6.1.tar.xz
cd linux-source-6.1
```

--------------------------------

### Reboot to Load New Kernel

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-cross-build-an-official-Debian-kernel-package-for-Lenovo-ix4‐300d

Reboots the ix4-300d device to apply the newly installed kernel. After rebooting, LEDs should be accessible under `/sys/class/leds`.

```bash
reboot
```

--------------------------------

### Network Bonding Configuration

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Configures network bonding for increased throughput and redundancy by installing ifenslave and setting up the bond0 interface in /etc/network/interfaces.

```bash
# Install bonding support
apt install ifenslave
```

```bash
# Configure network bonding
cat << EOF > /etc/network/interfaces
source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto bond0
iface bond0 inet static
   address 192.168.1.14
   netmask 255.255.255.0
   network 192.168.1.0
   gateway 192.168.1.1
   bond-slaves eth0 eth1
   bond-mode balance-rr
   bond-miimon 100
   bond-downdelay 200
   bond-updelay 200
EOF
```

```bash
systemctl restart networking.service
```

```bash
# Verify bonding status
cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Kernel Modules for Hardware Monitoring

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Load necessary kernel modules for I2C, ADT7475 temperature/fan controller, and hard disk temperature monitoring at boot. Install required packages and restart the lm-sensors service.

```bash
# Configure kernel modules to load at boot
cat << EOF > /etc/modules
# Adapter drivers
i2c_mv64xxx

# Chip drivers
adt7475

# Hard disk temperature
drivetemp
EOF

# Install required packages
apt install lm-sensors fancontrol

# Detect sensors (interactive)
sensors-detect

# Restart service
systemctl restart lm-sensors.service

# View current sensor readings
sensors
# Output: adt7473-i2c-0-2e
#         temp1:        +39.0°C
#         fan1:        1800 RPM
```

--------------------------------

### LED Control via sysfs Interface

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Manages front panel LEDs by interacting with the sysfs interface after a custom kernel with GPIO support is installed. LEDs are accessible under /sys/class/leds/.

```bash
# After reboot, LEDs available at /sys/class/leds/
ls /sys/class/leds/
```

```bash
# Output: ix4-300d:hdd:blue  ix4-300d:hddfail:red  ix4-300d:power:white
#         ix4-300d:sys:blue  ix4-300d:sysfail:red
```

```bash
# Show network activity on System LED (blue)
modprobe ledtrig-netdev
echo netdev > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/trigger
echo bond0 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/device_name
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/link
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/tx
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/rx
```

```bash
# Show disk activity on HDD LED (blue)
echo disk-activity > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:hdd:blue/trigger
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:hdd:blue/brightness
```

```bash
# Show CPU heartbeat on Power LED (white)
echo heartbeat > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:power:white/trigger
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:power:white/invert
```

```bash
# Disable trigger and manually control LED
echo none > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/trigger
echo 0 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/brightness  # LED on
echo 1 > /sys/class/leds/ix4-300d:sys:blue/brightness  # LED off
```

--------------------------------

### Connect to WiFi using iwctl

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Use the iwctl utility to scan for networks, view available networks, and connect to a WiFi network by providing its name and passphrase. This interactive mode guides through the connection process.

```bash
iwctl
# [iwd]# device list
# [iwd]# station wlx00226bdaeacb scan
# [iwd]# station wlx00226bdaeacb get-networks
# [iwd]# station wlx00226bdaeacb connect MyWireless
# Type the network passphrase for MyWireless psk.
# Passphrase: ***********
# [iwd]# station wlx00226bdaeacb show
# [iwd]# quit
```

--------------------------------

### Testing Button Events Interactively

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Installs and uses evtest to capture and display hardware button events from a specified input device.

```bash
# Test button events interactively
apt install evtest
evtest /dev/input/event0
```

```bash
# Output: Event: time 1693054739.406736, type 1 (EV_KEY), code 314 (BTN_SELECT), value 1
```

--------------------------------

### GPIO Interaction with gpiod Tools

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Utilizes the libgpiod interface for direct GPIO control. This involves installing gpiod, detecting GPIO chips, and then setting line states.

```bash
# Install GPIO tools
apt install gpiod
```

```bash
# Detect GPIO chips
gpiodetect
```

```bash
# Output: gpiochip0 [d0018100.gpio] (32 lines)
#         gpiochip1 [d0018140.gpio] (17 lines)
#         gpiochip2 [74hc595] (8 lines)
```

```bash
# Show GPIO line information
gpioinfo gpiochip0
```

```bash
# Unload LED driver to access GPIO directly
rmmod leds_gpio
```

```bash
# Control HDD LED via GPIO (pin 26)
gpioset gpiochip0 26=1  # LED on
gpioset gpiochip0 26=0  # LED off
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Network and Boot via TFTP

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Commands to set network parameters and initiate a network boot from the U-Boot prompt.

```bash
setenv ipaddr 192.168.1.111
```

```bash
setenv serverip 192.168.1.10
```

```bash
ping 192.168.1.10
```

```bash
tftpboot uImage_di_ix4_300d_bookworm
```

```bash
bootm 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Files for U-Boot Bootloader

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-build-a-customised-kernel

Combines the kernel image and device tree blob, then creates a U-Boot compatible kernel image (`uImage`) and initrd image (`uInitrd`).

```bash
cd /boot
cat vmlinuz dtb > vmlinuz_ix4_300d
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel  -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000 -n "Linux Customized" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d uImage
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x2000000  -e 0x2000000  -n "Linux Customized" -d initrd.img       uInitrd
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Command for Backup Partition (sdb1)

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Configures the boot command to load the kernel and initrd from the 'sdb1' partition, specifying it as a backup boot location. Requires 'ide 3:1' to be correctly set.

```bash
ide reset; ext2load ide 3:1 0x0040000 uImage; ext2load ide 3:1 0x2000000 uInitrd; setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5; bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Command for Backup Partition (sdc1)

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Configures the boot command to load the kernel and initrd from the 'sdc1' partition, specifying it as a backup boot location. Requires 'ide 4:1' to be correctly set.

```bash
ide reset; ext2load ide 4:1 0x0040000 uImage; ext2load ide 4:1 0x2000000 uInitrd; setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5; bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Disk Partitioning and Formatting

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Copies partition table from a source disk to a target disk, formats the first partition as ext2, and sets up the second partition as swap.

```bash
# Copy the partition table from ${SOURCE} disk to ${DISK}
echo "Partitioning $DISK..."
sfdisk -dump ${SOURCE} | sfdisk ${DISK}
echo "Partitioning completed!"

# Format the first partition as ext2
mkfs.ext2 -F ${DISK}1
echo "Formatted ${DISK}1 as ext2."

# Set up the second partition as swap
mkswap ${DISK}2
echo "Set up ${DISK}2 as swap."

# Set the third partition for RAID (no formatting needed as it will be part of a RAID array)
echo "${DISK}3 is set for RAID."

# Set the forth partition for RAID (no formatting needed as it will be part of a RAID array)
echo "${DISK}4 is set for RAID."
```

--------------------------------

### Install Shairport Sync for AirPlay

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Installs Shairport Sync, an AirPlay receiver that enables audio streaming from iOS devices and other AirPlay sources.

```bash
apt install shairport-sync
```

--------------------------------

### Create systemd service file

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Define a systemd service to run the keyboard action script at startup.

```bash
cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/kbdactions.service
[Unit]
Description=Manage keyboard display
After=default.target
[Service]
ExecStart=/opt/ix4-300d/kbdactions.sh
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
EOF
```

--------------------------------

### Boot Command for Backup Partition (sdd1)

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Configures the boot command to load the kernel and initrd from the 'sdd1' partition, specifying it as a backup boot location. Requires 'ide 5:1' to be correctly set.

```bash
ide reset; ext2load ide 5:1 0x0040000 uImage; ext2load ide 5:1 0x2000000 uInitrd; setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5; bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Prepare Debian 12 Boot Images with mkimage

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Creates U-Boot compatible images for TFTP and USB booting. Requires downloading kernel, initrd, and device tree files first.

```bash
# Download required files from Debian repository
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/vmlinuz
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/netboot/initrd.gz
wget https://deb.debian.org/debian/dists/bookworm/main/installer-armhf/current/images/device-tree/armada-xp-lenovo-ix4-300d.dtb

# Append device tree blob to kernel
cat vmlinuz armada-xp-lenovo-ix4-300d.dtb > vmlinuz_ix4_300d

# Create combined uImage for TFTP boot (kernel + initrd in one file)
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T multi -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000 \
  -n "Debian armhf installer" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d:initrd.gz uImage_di_ix4_300d_bookworm

# Create separate kernel and initrd images for USB boot
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000 \
  -n "Debian armhf installer" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x2000000 -e 0x2000000 \
  -n "Debian armhf installer" -d initrd.gz uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm
```

--------------------------------

### Create TFTP Bootable uImage

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Use the mkimage tool to create a universal image (uImage) suitable for TFTP booting, combining the kernel and initrd with a specific header format for ARM Linux.

```bash
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T multi -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000 -n "Debian armhf installer" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d:initrd.gz uImage_di_ix4_300d_bookworm
```

--------------------------------

### Boot from internal disk using U-Boot

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Commands to load kernel and initrd from the internal IDE drive and boot the system.

```bash
ide reset
ext2load ide 2:1 0x0040000 uImage
ext2load ide 2:1 0x2000000 uInitrd
setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10
bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

```bash
ide reset
ext2load ide 2:1 0x0040000 uImage
ext2load ide 2:1 0x2000000 uInitrd
setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5
bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

```bash
ide reset; ext2load ide 2:1 0x0040000 uImage; ext2load ide 2:1 0x2000000 uInitrd; setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5; bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### Install Cross-Build Dependencies on Debian Bookworm

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/wiki/How-to-cross-build-an-official-Debian-kernel-package-for-Lenovo-ix4‐300d

Installs necessary packages for cross-compiling the Linux kernel on a Debian Bookworm system. Ensure you have sufficient disk space.

```bash
sudo apt install fakeroot git kernel-wedge quilt ccache flex bison libssl-dev dh-exec rsync libelf-dev bc crossbuild-essential-armhf python3-jinja2 libncurses-dev
```

--------------------------------

### Configure Network Interfaces for Poweroff

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Configuration for /etc/network/interfaces to ensure both eth0 and eth1 are initialized at boot.

```text
# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

source /etc/network/interfaces.d/*

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 192.168.1.14
netmask 255.255.255.0
gateway 192.168.1.1

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 169.254.1.1
netmask 255.255.0.0
gateway 169.254.1.254
```

--------------------------------

### Create fan service file

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Initialize the systemd service file for the fan control script.

```bash
cat << EOF > /etc/systemd/system/fan.service
[Unit]
```

--------------------------------

### Execute U-Boot USB boot commands

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Use these commands at the Marvell U-Boot prompt to load and boot the kernel and initrd from a USB stick. Ensure the USB is inserted into the rear upper port.

```bash
usb start
usb tree
usb info
usb part
usb stop
ext2load usb 0:1 0x0040000 uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm
ext2load usb 0:1 0x2000000 uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm
setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10
bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
```

--------------------------------

### View U-Boot USB boot log

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Reference log output showing the successful execution of USB initialization and kernel boot commands.

```text
Marvell>> usb start
(Re)start USB...
USB:   Active port:     0
Register 10011 NbrPorts 1
USB EHCI 1.00
scanning bus for devices... 2 USB Device(s) found
Waiting for storage device(s) to settle before scanning...
       scanning bus for storage devices... 1 Storage Device(s) found
Marvell>> usb tree

Device Tree:
  1  Hub (480 Mb/s, 0mA)
  |  u-boot EHCI Host Controller
  |
  +-2  Mass Storage (480 Mb/s, 200mA)
         13111409002422

Marvell>> usb info
1: Hub,  USB Revision 2.0
 - u-boot EHCI Host Controller
 - Class: Hub
 - PacketSize: 64  Configurations: 1
 - Vendor: 0x0000  Product 0x0000 Version 1.0
   Configuration: 1
   - Interfaces: 1 Self Powered 0mA
     Interface: 0
     - Alternate Setting 0, Endpoints: 1
     - Class Hub
     - Endpoint 1 In Interrupt MaxPacket 8 Interval 255ms

2: Mass Storage,  USB Revision 2.0
 -   13111409002422
 - Class: (from Interface) Mass Storage
 - PacketSize: 64  Configurations: 1
 - Vendor: 0x0718  Product 0x07f0 Version 1.18
   Configuration: 1
   - Interfaces: 1 Bus Powered 200mA
     Interface: 0
     - Alternate Setting 0, Endpoints: 2
     - Class Mass Storage, Transp. SCSI, Bulk only
     - Endpoint 1 Out Bulk MaxPacket 512
     - Endpoint 2 In Bulk MaxPacket 512

Marvell>> usb part

Partition Map for USB device 0  --   Partition Type: DOS

Partition     Start Sector     Num Sectors     Type
    1                 2048         2097152      83

Marvell>> usb stop
stopping USB..
Marvell>> ext2load usb 0:1 0x0040000 uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm
Loading file "uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm" from usb device 0:1 (usbda1)
5351835 bytes read
Marvell>> ext2load usb 0:1 0x2000000 uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm
Loading file "uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm" from usb device 0:1 (usbda1)
26337308 bytes read
Marvell>> setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=/dev/sda2 rw rootdelay=10
Marvell>> bootm 0x40000 0x2000000
## Booting kernel from Legacy Image at 00040000 ...
   Image Name:   Debian armhf installer
   Created:      2023-08-24  21:17:04 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux Kernel Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    5351771 Bytes =  5.1 MB
   Load Address: 04000000
   Entry Point:  04000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
## Loading init Ramdisk from Legacy Image at 02000000 ...
   Image Name:   Debian armhf installer
   Created:      2023-08-24  21:14:13 UTC
   Image Type:   ARM Linux RAMDisk Image (uncompressed)
   Data Size:    26337244 Bytes = 25.1 MB
   Load Address: 02000000
   Entry Point:  02000000
   Verifying Checksum ... OK
   Loading Kernel Image ... OK
OK

Starting kernel ...
```

--------------------------------

### Download kbdactions script

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Create the directory and download the script responsible for handling button actions.

```bash
mkdir /opt/ix4-300d
wget -P /opt/ix4-300d https://raw.githubusercontent.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/main/kbdactions.sh
chmod 755 /opt/ix4-300d/kbdactions.sh
```

--------------------------------

### Create Separate USB Boot Images

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Generate individual uImage for the kernel and uInitrd for the ramdisk using mkimage, intended for booting from a USB stick on the ix4-300d.

```bash
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel  -C none -a 0x04000000 -e 0x04000000  -n "Debian armhf installer" -d vmlinuz_ix4_300d uImage_ix4_300d_bookworm
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T ramdisk -C none -a 0x2000000  -e 0x2000000   -n "Debian armhf installer" -d initrd.gz        uInitrd_ix4_300d_bookworm
```

--------------------------------

### Configure flash-kernel for ix4-300d

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Sets up flash-kernel to generate U-Boot compatible images for the ix4-300d. Requires updating initramfs after configuration.

```bash
# Create flash-kernel database entry
cat << EOF > /etc/flash-kernel/db
Machine: Lenovo Iomega ix4-300d
Kernel-Flavors: armmp armmp-lpae
DTB-Id: armada-xp-lenovo-ix4-300d.dtb
DTB-Append: yes
U-Boot-Kernel-Address: 0x00008000
U-Boot-Initrd-Address: 0x0
Boot-Kernel-Path: /boot/uImage
Boot-Initrd-Path: /boot/uInitrd
Boot-DTB-Path: /boot/dtb
Required-Packages: u-boot-tools
Bootloader-Sets-Incorrect-Root: no
EOF

# Update initramfs to apply configuration
update-initramfs -u
# Output: flash-kernel: installing version 6.1.0-12-armmp-lpae
# Output: Generating kernel u-boot image... done.
# Output: Installing new uImage.
```

--------------------------------

### Get Detailed RAID Array Information

Source: https://context7.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/llms.txt

Obtain comprehensive details about a specific RAID array, including its configuration, member disks, and state. Use the appropriate device name (e.g., /dev/md0).

```bash
mdadm --detail /dev/md0
mdadm --detail /dev/md1
```

--------------------------------

### Add required modules to /etc/modules

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Append these lines to /etc/modules to ensure necessary I2C and chip drivers are loaded at boot.

```text
#----cut here----
# Adapter drivers
i2c_mv64xxx
# Chip drivers
adt7475
#----cut here----
```

--------------------------------

### Configure permanent boot environment

Source: https://github.com/alf45tar/ix4-300d/blob/main/README.md

Persist boot settings in U-Boot environment variables.

```bash
setenv bootdebian 'ide reset; ext2load ide 2:1 0x0040000 uImage; ext2load ide 2:1 0x2000000 uInitrd; setenv bootargs $console $mtdparts root=LABEL=rootfs rw rootdelay=5; bootm 0x40000 0x2000000;'
setenv bootcmd 'run bootdebian; reset;'
saveenv
reset
```